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SUBJECT:TankShapeDesign

ONE LEAFLET
TANK SHAPE DESIGN Draft Requirements
DOC. NUMBER RELEASE DATE RELEASE STATUS SAS- 006/ 2011 01. DEC. 2011 DRAFT - One fleet team

Abstract FACTORS AFFECTING LOAD SHIFT Tank Configuration (A critical design issue) Baffles: Resist load shift in the longitudinal plane Compartments: Help reduce partial-fill condition Tank Geometry BOTH THE CG HEIGHT AND MAGNITUDE OF LOAD SHIFT IN THE ROLL PLANE ARE STRONGLY RELATED TO TANK CROSS-SECTION

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Design & Construction of Dynamic Superstructures

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Cargo Movement in Conventional Tanks ** Narrower tanks - (Circular shape) Lower shift, higher c.g. Location Reduced vehicle stability under high fill volumes

** Wider Tanks (modified-oval) Lower c.g. height, larger shift Reduced vehicle stability under lower fill volumes

Conflicting design considerations under low and high fill volumes

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Design & Construction of Dynamic Superstructures

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AN ALTERNATE TANK GEOMETRY Combine the merits of conventional narrow and wide tank designs to achieve Lower c.g. height Reduced dynamic load shift Define a generic but flexible geometry 8 Circular arcs Symmetric about vertical axis Asymmetric about horizontal axis

LOAD SHIFT ANALYSIS - Partial fill Roll Plane Tank Model Steady Turning Fluid Model Liquid Free Surface Gradient

Liquid Free Surface Equation

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Design & Construction of Dynamic Superstructures

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Formulation of Optimization Problem Objective: Enhance tank vehicle static roll stability by minimizing the load shift and thus the overturning moment 1. Minimize static cg height under full load 2. Minimize lateral cg shift under arrange of fills 3. Minimize vertical cg shift under a range of fills A set of design constraints is defined to realize a feasible optimal design Formulation of Optimization Problem Optimization Function:

Design Vector: _ Optimization Function: X={R1, 1, R2, R3, R4, R5,5}^T

Constraints Cross-sectional area (MC 306) Perimeter (MC 306) Height (upper limit of 2.03 m) Width (upper limit of 2.44 m) Tank CG Height (variable limits)

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Design & Construction of Dynamic Superstructures

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Optimal and Conventional Shapes

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Design & Construction of Dynamic Superstructures

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Trajectories of Liquid Cargo CG

Liquid Lateral CG Shift

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Design & Construction of Dynamic Superstructures

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Liquid Lateral CG Shift

Static Roll Stability Analysis of an Articulated Tank Vehicle

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Design & Construction of Dynamic Superstructures

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Rollover Threshold Acceleration

Rollover threshold limit percent gains of vehicle with optimal tanks

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Design & Construction of Dynamic Superstructures

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Potential Performance Gain

15% gain in SRT value could reduce the accident risk by nearly 20% for the tank trucks

CONCLUSIONS
_ The risk of rollover of a heavy vehicle is strongly associated with its static rollover threshold _ Tractor-tank-semitrailer combinations are most frequently involved in rollover accidents. _ Tractor-tank-semitrailer combinations are most frequently involved in rollover accidents. _ Lower roll stability of these vehicles is attributed to following design and operating factors 1-High CG designs 2-Dynamicload shift under partial-fills 3-Variable CG coordinates 4-Variable mass moments of inertia

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Design & Construction of Dynamic Superstructures

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_ A circular cross-section yields high CG but lower lateral load shift and thus lower stability limit under high fill volumes _ A modified-oval cross-section yields lower CG height but increased lateral load shift and thus lower stability limit under low fill volumes _ A modified-oval cross-section yields lower CG height but increased lateral load shift and thus lower stability limit under low fill volumes _ An alternate geometry that combines the merits of both conventional designs is desirable for enhancement of roll stability _ An alternate geometry that combines the merits of both conventional designs is desirable for enhancement of roll stability _ Both optimal cross-sections yield considerably lower lateral load shift and higher static rollover threshold for most fill conditions when compared to those of the conventional tanks New design of SABRA self-supported tank cross section is a compound of half upper round section and lower half elliptical section which grants a lower centre of gravity and better stability to the vehicle with min. shifting of liquid, and foreseen by the ADR/EN required shape in relation to side protection.

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Design & Construction of Dynamic Superstructures

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New design of SABRA self-supported tank cross section is a compound of half upper round section and lower half elliptical section which grants a lower centre of gravity and better stability to the vehicle with min. shifting of liquid, and foreseen by the ADR/EN required shape in relation to side protection.