SECX5084

FUZZY LOGIC AND NEURAL NETWORKS UNIT I -FUNDAMENTALS OF ANN Introduction Neuron Physiology Specification of the brain Eye neuron model Fundamentals of ANN Biological neurons and their artificial models Learning processes different learning rules types of activation functions training of ANN Perceptron model ( both single & multi layer ) training algorithm problems solving usinglearning rules and algorithms Linear seperability limitation and its over comings UNIT II ANN ALGORITHM 10 hrs. Back propagation training algorithm Counter propagation network structure & operation training applications of BPN & CPN -Statistical method Boltzmann training Cauchy training Hop field network and Boltzmann machine Travelling sales man problem - BAM Structure types encoding and retrieving Adaptive resonance theory Introduction to optical neural network Cognitron & Neocognitron UNIT III APPLICATION OF ANN 10 hrs. Hand written and character recognition Visual Image recognition - Communication systems call processing Switching Traffic control routing and scheduling Articulation Controller - Neural Acceleration Chip (NAC ) UNIT IV INTRODUCTION TO FUZZY LOGIC 10 hrs. Introduction to fuzzy set theory membership function - basic concepts of fuzzy sets Operations on fuzzy sets and relations, classical set Vs fuzzy set properties of fuzzy set fuzzy logic control principles fuzzy relations fuzzy rules Defuzzification Time dependent logic Temporal Fuzzy logic ( TFC ) Fuzzy Neural Network ( FANN ) Fuzzy logic controller Fuzzification & defuzzification interface. UNIT V APPLICATION OF FUZZY LOGIC 10 hrs. Application of fuzzy logic to washing machine Vaccum cleaner Water level controller temperature controller - Adaptive fuzzy systems Fuzzy filters Sub band coding Adaptive fuzzy frequency hoping.

REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. Freeman & Skapura, Neural Networks, Addison - Wesley, 1991 2. Zurada.J.M., Introduction to Artificial Neural Systems, West, 1992 3. Simon Haykin, Macmillan, Neural Networks, 1994 4. Yagnanarayana.B., Artificial Neural Networks, Prentice Hall of India, 2006

SECX5076

MODELLING OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS &NETWORKS UNIT I MODELLING OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEM 10 hrs. Model of speech and picture signals, Pseudo noise sequences, Non-linear sequences, Analog channel model, Noise and fading, Digital channel model-Gilbert model of bustry channels, HF, Troposcatter and satellite channels, Switched telephone channels, Analog and Digital communication system models, Light wave system models UNIT II SIMULATION OF RANDOM VARIABLES AND RANDOM PROCESS 10 hrs. Univariate and multivaraiate models, Transformation of random variables, Bounds and approximation, Random process models-Markov AND a ARMA Sequences, Sampling rate for simulation, Computer generation and testing of random numbers UNIT III ESTIMATION OF PERFORMANCE MEASURES 10 hrs. Quality of an estimator, estimator for SNR, Probability density functions of analog communication system, BER of digital communication systems, Montre carlo method and Importance sampling method, estimation of power spectral density of a process UNIT IV QUEUING 10 hrs. Queuing models, M/M/I and M/M/I/N queues, Little formula, M/G/I queue, Poisson process-Properties, Characterization, Adding and Splitting, PASTA ,MMPP,Embedded Markov chain analysis of TDM systems, Polling, Random access systems UNIT V NETWORK OF QUEUES 10 hrs. Introduction- model of a message switched node, Reversibility-Burkes Theorem, Feed Forward Networks, Open and closed Jackson networks, Overview of BCMP Networks, Network of BCMP queues

REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. Jeruchim.M.C., Philip Balaban and K.Sam Shanmugam, Simulation of communication systems, Plenum Press, New York 2. Law.A.M., David Kelton, Simulation Modelling and analysis, Mc Graw Hill Inc., New York 3. Hayes.J.F., Modelling and Analysis of Computer Communication networks, Plenum Press, New York 4. Jerry Banks and John S.Carson, Discrete-event system Simulation, Prentice Hall,Inc., New Jersey

SECX5051

RF MEMS AND ITS APPLICATIONS

UNIT I INTRODUCTION 10 hrs. MEMS-Microfabrications for MEMS -Surface micromachining of silicon -Wafer bonding for MEMS-LIGA process Micromachining of polymeric MEMS devices - Three-dimensional microfabrications. Transducers: Electromechanical transducers-Piezoelectric transducers - Electrostrictive transducers -Magnetostrictive transducers Electrostatic actuators-Electromagnetic transducers - Electrodynamic transducers- Actuators: Electrothermal actuators-Comparison of electromechanical actuation schemes. UNIT II MICRO SENSING FOR MEMS 10 hrs. Piezoresistive sensing - Capacitive sensing - Piezoelectric sensing - Resonant sensing - Surface acoustic wave sensors. Materials: Materials for MEMS - Metal and metal alloys for MEMS - Polymers for MEMS - Other materials for MEMS. Metals :Evaporation Sputtering. Semiconductors :Electrical and chemical properties-Growth and deposition. Thin films for MEMS and their deposition techniques -Oxide film formation by thermal --oxidation -Deposition of silicon dioxide and silicon nitride -Polysilicon film deposition -Ferroelectric thin films. Materials for polymer MEMS: Classification of polymers -UV radiation curing -SU-8 for polymer MEMS. UNIT III MICRO MACHINING AND LITHOGRAPHY 10 hrs. Micromachning : Bulk micromachining for silicon-based MEMS -Isotropic and orientation-dependent wet etching Dry etching -Buried oxide process -Silicon fusion bonding -Anodic bonding -Silicon surface micromachining Sacrificial layer technology - Material systems in sacrificial layer technology - Surface micromachining using plasma etching Combined integrated-circuit technology and anisotropic wet etching . Lithography : Microstereolithography for polymer MEMS Scanning method - Two-photon microstereolithography Surface micromachining of polymer MEMS -Projection method -Polymeric MEMS architecture with silicon, metal and ceramics -Microstereolithography integrated with thick film lithography. UNIT IV MEMS INDUCTORS AND CAPACITORS 10 hrs. Introduction- MEMS/micromachined passive elements: pros and cons. MEMS inductors : Self-inductance and mutual inductance - Micromachined inductors - Effect of inductor layout - Reduction of stray capacitance of planar inductorsApproaches for improving the quality factor Folded inductors - Modeling and design issues of planar inductors - Variable inductors Polymer based inductors.MEMS capacitors: MEMS gap-tuning capacitors - MEMS area-tuning capacitors Dielectric tunable capacitors. Micromachined antennae : Introduction - Overview of microstrip antennae- Basic characteristics of microstripeantennae - Design parameters of microstrip antennae - Micromachining techniques to improve antenna performance - Micromachining as a fabrication process for small antennae - Micromachined reconfigurable antennae. UNIT V APPLICATIONS 10 hrs. Switching: Introduction- Switch parameters- Basics of switching - Mechanical switches-Electronic switches- Switches for RF and microwave applications - Mechanical RF switches - PIN diode RF switches - Metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors and monolithic microwave integrated circuits. RF MEMS switches : Integration and biasing issues for RF switches -Actuation mechanisms for MEMS devices-Electrostatic switching - Approaches for low-actuation-voltage switches - Mercury contact switches -Magnetic switching - Electromagnetic switching - Thermal switching.Dynamics of the switch operation : Switching time and dynamic response - Threshold voltage. MEMS switch design, modeling and evaluation:Electromechanical finite element analysis - RF design - MEMS switch design considerations.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Vijay K.Varadan, Vinoy.K.J and Jose.K.A, RF MEMS and Their Applications, 1st edition, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2003 2. Rai-choudhury.P, MEMS and MOEMS Technology and Applications, SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineers, 2003 3. Senturia.S, Microsystem Design, Kluwer, Academic Publishers, 2001. 4. Gardner.J.W , Varadan .V.K., Awadelkarim.O.O, Microsensors, MEMS & Smart Devices, John Wiley Sons, 2001. 5. Campbell.S, The Science and Engineering of Microelectronic Fabrication, Oxford Univ. Press, 2001 6. Maluf.N, An Introduction to Microelectromechanical Systems Engineering, Artech House.

SECX5079

WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS UNIT I SENSOR NETWORK ARCHITECTURE 10 hrs. Concept of sensor network Introduction, Applications, sensors Single node architecture: hardware and software components of a sensor node, Tiny OS operating system, nesC language. Wireless Sensor Network architecture: typical network architectures, data relaying strategies, aggregation, role of energy in routing decisions. UNIT II ADDRESSING & SYNCHRONISATION 10 hrs. MAC layer strategies: MAC layer protocols, scheduling sleep cycles, energy management, contention-based protocols,schedule-based protocols, 802.15.4 standard. Naming and addressing: Addressing services publishsubscribe topologies. Clock Synchronization: clustering for synchronization, sender-receiver and receiver-receiver synchronization, error analysis. Power Management per node, system-wide, sentry services, sensing coverage UNIT III LOCALIZATION 10 hrs. Node Localization: absolute and relative localization, triangulation, multi-hop localization and error analysis, anchoring, geographic localization, target tracking, localization and identity management, Walking GPS, range free solutions. Data Gathering - Tree construction algorithms and analysis - Asymptotic capacity- Lifetime optimization formulations- Storage and retrieval. Deployment & Configuration - Sensor deployment, scheduling and coverage issues, self configuration and topology control. UNIT IV ROUTING TECHNIQUES 10 hrs. Routing: Agent-based routing, random walk, trace routing data centric, hierarchical, location-based, energy efficient routing Querying - data collection and processing, collaborative information processing and group connectivity. Distributed Computation - Detection, estimation, and classification problems - Energy-efficient distributed algorithms UNIT V SENSOR NETWORK PLATFORMS & TOOLS 10 hrs. Sensor node hardware, programming challenges, node level software platforms, node level simulators, programming beyond individual nodes. Security - Privacy issues - Attacks and countermeasures.

REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. Feng Zhaoand, Leonidas J Guibas, Wireless Sensor Networks Morgan Kaufmann Publishers and imprint of Elsevier, 2004 2. Raghavendra.C.S, Krishna M. Sivalingam, Taieb F. Znati, Wireless Sensor Networks, 2nd edition, Springer, 2004 3. Holger Karl, Andreas Willig, Protocols and Architectures for Wireless Sensor Networks, John Wiley and Sons, 2005

SECX5081 APPLIED CRYPTOGRAPHY AND DATA SECURITY

UNIT I CONCEPTS AND PROTOCOLS 10 hrs. Terminology Steganography Substitutional ciphers- Ceaser, Mono alphabetic, poly alphabetic, Hill , Vigenere, Playfair Transposition ciphers- rail fence, One time pad Protocols-Key exchange, authentication, secret splitting, Secret sharing, Time stamping services, subliminal channel, Digital signature, proxy signature, group signature, bit commitment, Fair coin flips UNIT II CRYPTOGRAPHIC ALGORITHMS 10 hrs. Algorithm types and modes- Over view of symmetric key cryptography- Data Encryption Standard (DES)- IDEA RC4-RC5-Blow fish-AES UNIT III ASYMMETRIC / PUBLIC KEY ENCRYPTION 10 hrs. Number theory-Prime numbers-Fermats and Eulers theorem Testing for primality -The Chinese remainder theorem- Discrete logarithms, Public key crypto systems- requirements applications The RSA algorithm- Key management Diffe Hellman key exchange- Elliptic curve cryptography. UNIT IV HASH FUNCTIONS AND DIGITAL SIGNATURE 10 hrs. Message authentication- requirements functions codes Hash functions, Hash algorithms- MD5 message digest algorithm Secure Hash algorithm HMAC, Digital signature- Digital Signature Standard DSS Approach Digital Signature algorithm UNIT V DATA SECURITY 10 hrs. Internet security protocols- basic concepts Secure socket layer(SSL)- transport layer security(TLS) Secure HTTP Time Stamping protocol Secure electronic transaction (SET)- SSL Versus SET- Email security WAP Security- Security in GSM Security in 3G - Bio metric authentication Kerberos- Single sign on (SSO) approaches.

REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. Bruce Schneier, Applied Cryptography, 2nd Edition, John Wiley & Sons 2. Atul Kahate, Cryptography and Network Security, 2nd Edition, Tata McGraw Hill, 2009 3. William Stallings, Cryptography and Network Security, 3rd Edition, Pearson Education, 2003 4. Douglas R Stinson, Cryptography Theory and Practice, CRC press