PROJECT MANAGEMENT INSTALLATION OF TELECOM TOWERS

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C ONTENTS CONSTRUCTION OF TELECOM TOWERS ..................................... 1 LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................... 6 MARKETING OF PROJECT: ........................................................................... 7 1) Soil investigation and foundation design ............................ 7

2) Tower foundation and design ......................................................................... 7 3) U6RF Survey ................................................................................................. 7 1) Site selection process for deploying Telecom Network Services .................... 9 2)Vendor Management ....................................................................................... 9 3) Procurement of Material ................................................................................ 9 4) Logistics: ..................................................................................................... 10 NETWORK AND SCHEDULING .................................................................. 11 Slowest Completed Schedule of a 15m RTT-56 days duration ......................... 12 Fastest Completed Schedule of a 15m RTT-22 days duration .......................... 13 Average Schedule of a 30m GBT-47 days duration .......................................... 14 PROJECT QUALITY MANAGEMENT ......................................................... 19 PROJECT RISK MANAGEMENT ................................................................. 22 PROJECT MONITORING .............................................................................. 23 VALIDATION AND TESTING ...................................................................... 23 PROJECT RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ...................................................... 24 Human Resource Management ......................................................................... 25 Networking Resource Management.................................................................. 25 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION ..................................................................... 29 MAINTAINENCE ........................................................................................... 31
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ABSTRACT The choice of a particular type of tower depends on many factors, and if you are setting up a wireless network soon, you are best advised to take the help of a professional. Telecom Tower Installation Considerations In such a case, you need to be aware of the major considerations that should drive your decisions: Space You need to know how much space you have for the telecom tower beforehand. If there is going to be ample space, then you can go for a mast and save money. Otherwise, 3 leg communications towers needs to be installed. There are other difficulties that go in with an installation, but they are logistical and can be easily overcome. Cost You also need to make sure that the project gets completed within the budget. As already mentioned, a guyed tower is far cheaper as compared to the other options, and should be the preferred choice if such is the case. More often than not, this usually is not that much of a problem, as wireless networks tend to be a one-time investment. Material A telecom tower, such as a 3 leg communications tower or a guyed tower can be made from many different materials, such as wood, metal, concrete, etc., the choice of which is again guided by different considerations. You must remember that different materials have a different life span, physical properties, as well as a degree of coupling with the wireless signal. Therefore, it is not a decision that can be easily made. It must always be kept in mind that a typical wireless communication network including a telecom tower, such as a 3 leg communications tower or a guyed tower, requires a lot of planning and operational expertise, something that is best left to the professionals in the field. You should always approach a company that has proven expertise in the field, like Mer Telecom. This will ensure that your projects are executed well and can serve you for a long time.

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Introduction For self-supporting towers maintenance is vital to insure lasting quality and safety. Maintenance is even more critical for guyed masts. A lack of maintenance will invalidate the warranty clause. Basic Principles Regularly check the towers external condition. If necessary, carry out maintenance work and repairs. Maintenance price is not included in our supply prices. Frequency of maintenance checks The inspection of the structure must by done: Regularly throughout the life-cycle of the structure, Each time a new antenna installation takes place, After every important weather event: storm, hurricane, etc. In this context we suggest: The first inspection of each tower should be done no later than 6 months after its installation and erection. Subsequent maintenance visits should be done once a year. Qualified Personnel All inspections and maintenance visits should be done by employees with qualified knowledge of telecom tower manufacture or maintenance. CGTI will not guarantee its tower structures if they are not maintained by its own personnel.

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Fig 3; List of inspection PROJECT CLOSE OUT

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Approval of the Project Closeout Report indicates an understanding that this project is now considered closed by the Project Team, its sponsors and the IT Governance Council within the Office of Information and Technology. Approver Name Mr.X Mr.Y MR.Z Title Project Manager Director, Program Management Office IT Process Board Signature Date

Fig 4 : Example project close out table y y y Project has witnessed all the phases After being approved by TRAI, WPC, construction of project commenced The site is successfully developed and the towers are ready for implementation

LITERATURE REVIEW

- NEWSLETTER DEC,2011 ISSUE

Pwc- Communication news flash no. 3/10

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MARKETING OF PROJECT: Telecom towers are the integral part of the telecom network infrastructure.Tower business is making news lately for the explosive growth and exponential investments Tower infrastructure is increasingly becoming independent of telecom operators in India. the rapid increase in number of telecom subscribers and teledensity, the industry shows huge growth potential for players to expand network coverage and services. The industry, which is growing at 20% per annum, is also driven by the favourable initiatives provided by the government. A large number of players are resorting to infrastructure sharing to accommodate the overall growth in subscribers in the urban and rural areas. Recent 3G auctions are also likely to benefit the market. outsourcing of network services helping players to reduce their overall capital expenditure so tie up with telecom tower company .by giving quality of service. FEASIBILTY STUDY 1) S OIL I N VEST IG AT ION AND FO UN D AT IO N DESIGN Soil Investigation is a primary activity to find out the soil properties like, soil classification, soil bearing capacity, bulk/dry density, angle of internal friction, moisture content, water table etc. These parameters determine the type of tower foundation. 2) T OWER FOUN D AT ION AND DES IGN Design of towers of any height , any geometry, any loading or any other special facility required on tower or as specified. Always provide the complete design calculation manual for each height of towers along with the tower material supply. This design calculation manual facilitate the buyer to evaluate the tower design in future also , intend to install extra/ additional antenna on existing towers. 3) U6RF S UR VE Y Rf survey for telecom towers gives information that helps in determining the number of access points required to provide sufficient & adequate coverage from the tower. In most implementations, adequate coverage means support of a minimum data transfer rate that is, to increase the transmission speed. Not only this, RF survey for telecom tower helps in finding the right placement for the network access points. Using RF survey, one can detect the incoming signals from other external sources that interfere in the tower operation. RF survey for telecommunication tower site includes certified site surveys, access point determination, multi-point wireless bridge surveys, blueprint reporting,
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survey documentation & Reporting, performance recommendation, configuration setup recommendations etc. There are certain general steps that are implemented while performing an RF survey for telecom towers: Blueprint Preparation A blueprint of the survey site or the facility setup is quite necessary to get an overall picture of the initial scenario. This step helps to determine how far to go before actually beginning the RF survey for telecom tower. Preliminary site inspection - This step simply involves visually inspecting the site area and this does help in identifying certain facts & useful inputs in initiating the RF survey for telecommunication tower. This step also helps in determining any potential obstacles that might affect the radio frequency propagation. User area identification - A diagrammatic representation that will help in marking areas of fixed line users and mobile users is another step. Also, the diagram helps in the roaming coverage of the mobile users. Depending on this, number of access points can be estimated. Determining initial access point location - Locating areas that have the potential to provide adequate signal transmission coverage can be possible, by simply identifying the domain of wireless users and the range of the wireless system used. As the subscriber base grows, the signal propagation can be considered to be overlapped among the access points that are in the vicinity. While locating potential areas, one important aspect in this phase of RF survey for telecom towers also considers mounting locations such as vertically inclined posts or metallic supports. This will help further determine suitable locations for installing not only access points but also the antenna, data cable wires and the power supply lines. Different types of antennas are considered while deciding the placement of access points. Documentation - Once the surveyor ensures that the access points location will provide adequate coverage, the next step is gathering the necessary data regarding installation peripherals, barriers and hurdles that can interfere with the propagation etc. This data also includes existing site installation information, any reusable equipment, tower shelters etc. and are noted in a document. Keeping a log record of signal readings and data rates in the vicinity of each access point in the document also helps. It can act as a base for further redesign considerations. Other details like area, environmental conditions, tower site address, availability & accessibility can also be noted. All such information recorded forms the RF survey document for the telecom tower.
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Final verification of access point location - The actual testing begins at this step. This step is carried out using effective tools for performing RF survey for telecom tower. These tools help identify associated access points, data rate, signal strength & quality of transmission. PROJECT PLANNING: 1) S IT E SELECT ION PROCESS FOR DEPLOYING T ELECOM N ET WORK S ER VICES Selecting a good site for erecting a telecom tower, or an offsite base station requires specialized experience and skills. There are various parameters, based on which, decisions are made to select and build essential Telecom Network Services component. These parameters can be broadly classified as follows: Geological parameters: The land where a construction is scheduled for a telecom network should be as flat as possible since this will help in building a firm foundation. Also, the soil testing must reveal a soil profile that has minimum levels of salinity and corrosive tendencies. Selecting a proper site based on these parameters would mean faster construction time and lesser failure rates during construction or later. Commercial viability: It is very important to carefully consider the commercial terms and conditions applicable for either lease or outright purchase of the land. The costing of the same has a direct impact on the project cost and the break-even time for the telecom service company. If the land is taken on lease, the agreement should be for a long term period so that any revision doesn't mandate a fresh construction of Telecom Network Elements housed within the premises Zonal location of the site: There are various rules and regulations applicable for different zones. These rules are enforced by local civic authorities.

2) V ENDOR M AN AGEME NT Follow up with suppliers which come under our direct scope as well as suppliers of the customer i.e., items like DG sets, Shelters, Air conditioners, Power plants, Batteries, Stabilizers with Isolation transformer, Towers, Civil and Electrical Works. 3) P ROCUREMENT
OF

M AT ERI AL
9

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BTS is radio equipment installed at site to send and receive mobile communication. (i) BTS Installation & Commissioning y BTS Installation activities are carried out according to site specific installation plan and includes. y Installation and termination of radio feeder cables, antennas and grounding kits. y Installation of BTS (or extension rack), plug-in units and all internal cables. y Installation of transmission cable, power cable and power system. Grounding cable and alarm cable for BTS. y Load BTS software and set up needed parameters. (ii) BTS Integration support in the integration according to Telecom Equipment manufacturer integration procedures and quality documentation. Integration is directed to: y Integrate the BTS to Base Station Controller (BSC). y General check up of software package. y Test calls for every time slot. y Test external alarms and do any other required tests by the realignment of antennas during optimization (iii) Transmission Implementation: In order for communication between the BTS and the BSC, there is a requirement for Microwave (MW) Installations as a transmission medium. Following activities are carried out by us to implement microwaves: y Installation of MW antenna and outdoor unit. y Installation of indoor unit modem & MW feeder. y Commissioning of MW link and Alignment of antennas to obtain surveyed receive level, Integration of MW link 4) L OG IST ICS : To monitor and manage all activities relating to the movement and status of Supplier Product inventory in the project. monitor the related logistics management of the equipment, which includes interfacing with the customers and suppliers logistics in order to schedule and reconcile the delivery of equipment. Organizational hierarchy SCOPE OF WORK:
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The study is limited only to address the construction related issues. Design related issues are not in the scope of the study.

The study is limited to construction of telecom towers in and around Pune.

The study is focused on contracting procedures, quality problems, cost overruns, project delays in the construction of telecom towers and developing a logistics model in terms of supply chain management. Scheduling Issues Labour

Unavailability of supervisors

Timely availability of material/equipment

Weather

Holidays

No written work schedule NETWORK AND SCHEDULING Average Schedule of a 15m RTT-34 days duration

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S LOWEST C OMPLET ED S CHED ULE

OF A

15 M RTT-56

D AYS D UR AT ION

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F AST EST C OMPLET ED S CHEDULE

OF A

15 M RTT-22

D AYS D UR AT ION

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Analysis of RTT schedules 30 days difference between slowest and fastest completed towers Delay of 18-21 days due to material availability Delay of 3-4 days due to the delay between the installation of the tower equipment after the tower framework is erected Delay of 2-3 days is caused due to the prolonged installation period of the telecom equipment Delay of 2-3 days is caused in between the tower installation and the tower being on air A VER AGE S CHE D ULE
OF A

30 M GBT-47

DAYS D UR AT IO N

Slowest Completed Schedule of a 30m GBT-65 days duration34

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Fastest Completed Schedule of a 30m GBT-34 days duration35

Analysis of GBT schedules Difference of 31 days between the fastest and the slowest completed towers
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Delay of 19-21 days caused due to supply of construction material, tower material and the telecom equipment Delay of 2-3 days between each of the foundation levels Delay of 5-7 days between the installation of the tower and the completion of the tower foundation PROCESS MAPPING: Process Mapping is used in this project to identify the different processes that constitute the telecom tower construction. Helps in increasing the productivity of the overall process by focusing on the processes that need rework for their improvement. Telecom tower construction consists of a lot of processes ranging from Radio Frequency survey to the handing over of the completed tower on air. It allows all the individuals working on the project to gain a better understanding of that process with a simple, yet powerful approach that anyone can utilize. Process Identification Worksheet Area of business being reviewed: Telecom tower construction Trigger Events Growth of mobile phone users in the country. Need for better networking and hence construction of telecom towers. Survey done to locate the right locations for the tower constructions. Optimal location of tower site for better reach of customers. Drawings for the construction of towers. Type of foundation needed for GBTs for the construction. The structural stability of the existing structure for RTTs. Protection and to prevent trespassing and misuse of the tower, fencing and guard
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Process Name RF Survey

Site Identification/ Land Acquisition Layout Plans Soil Investigation/ Structural Stability Fencing, Compound wall, Guard Room, DG Slab, Shelter Foundation
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room to be constructed. Safety and protection of tower. Construction materials like, steel, sand, cement, aggregates for the tower foundation construction, tower fabrication set for tower material and equipment like vibrator, pulleys for tower erection. Diesel Generator set installation which is the key component of the tower construction. Shelter for the security guard and to store maintenance parts for emergency replacement of parts of the tower. Earthing to prevent damage by lighting and electrical works in order to ensure proper functioning of the antennae. Backup power options for the transmission of signals. Need for a base station to receive and transmit signals. Need for the transmission of signals. Connections of antennae to the electrical systems for proper functioning of the system.

Tower Supply & Erection

DG set installation

Shelter Supply & Erection

Electrical-Indoor, Outdoor and Earthing

AC installation, Battery, PIU Installation of BTS Antennae Installation RF Cable Routing

Process Profile Worksheet ProcessName&Number-RFsurvey:1

ProcessOwner PrincipalCompanies/TelecomCompanies

Description: TheultimategoalofaRFsitesurveyistosupplyenoughinformationtodeterminethenumbera ndplacementofaccesspointsthatprovidesadequatecoveagethroughoutthefacility.Inmosti mplementations,"adequatecoverage"meanssupportofaminimumdatarate.ARFsitesurve yalsodetectsthepresenceofinterferencecomingfromothersourcesthatcoulddegradetheper formanceofthewirelessLAN. Triggers EventBeginning:CallfortendersforRFsurveying. EventEndingProcess:Documentfindingsofthesitesbestsuitablefortelecomtowerconstr uction.
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AdditionalEvents: Call fortendersformorethan1companytosavetime.For100sitestobeRFsurveyed, 10companiescouldfinishthesurveyin10timeslesstimethanthesurveybeingdonebyasingle company. Inputs Items and Sources Surveying equipment like Theodolite, GPS, Satellites Outputs Items and Sources Optimal location of sites for the construction of telecom towers Process Units Process Unit Owners Obtain a site facility diagram Telecommunication Companies Visually inspect the site facility Identify cellular phone user areas Determine preliminary site access point locations Verify site access point Business Objectives Business Risks Location of sites which offer better Time consuming and tiring process. A transmission of signals and networking slight change in the site location may not yield transmission signals. Accuracy is very important. Key Controls Measure of Success Skilled usage of GPS systems and Best fit site which can ideally transmit accuracy of the instruments. and receive signals with maximum efficiency.

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PROJECT QUALITY MANAGEMENT In recent years industry has increasingly aware of rising construction cost and perception of increased quality problems and the way to increase profit is to reduce the cost of poor quality rather than to increase sales. The need for structured and formal systems of construction management to address the aspects of performance, workmanship and quality has arisen as a direct result of deficiencies and problems in design, construction, materials, and maintenance operations. These deficiencies cost the industry a huge amount of money and many might be alleviated through training, greater care and attention to standards of performance and quality at design and construction stages. Explicit as possible, identification and meeting/exceeding the customer requirements is fundamental basing point of effective quality control. Customer satisfaction is of prime importance and it should be a continuous process rather than one time endeavor. It is
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ever changing. What is considered quality today may not be good enough to be considered quality tomorrow. Specific to GSM/CDMA projects the plan should include the standard for each activity. Instead of quoting the IS code the relevant features of the code should be included and the focus should be on practicality and constructivity, For example incase of civil works instead of quoting IS 456, add the clauses and standards on water cement ratio, form work, cover, concreting, reinforcement amongst others. Few of the salient requirements in respect of major equipment are as under: y Tower y Galvanizing of fabricated steel as per IS 2595 with a minimum thickness of 85 microns y Welding by electrodes conforming to AWS:E6013 y All members provided with marking for ease of construction y Bolts and nuts as per IS 1363 and washers IS 5369 y Incase of new customer prototype of tower be got approved before dispatch to site

Erection y Verticality of the tower to be ensured and tightening of bolts after proper alignment and verticality of tower is ensured y Check nuts must be provided as in addition to assistance in achieving verticality of tower it also provides additional support to the bolts. y Painting of tower with one coat of primer and two coats of approved enamel paint y Erector to comply with safe erection practices and guard against hazardous and unsafe working conditions. y Provision of sincom below base plate

DG y Fuel tank with level indicator, filler cap with lock, feed connection to engine amongst other accessories. y AVM pads of poly pond make y Locking arrangements for canopy
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y y y

Residential silence Alarm systems Neutral for earthing

Shelter y No breakages in walls, roofs, doors of the shelter y No depression in floors y Proper anti static flooring y Locking arrangements for door

Electrical y Earth pits as per drawings y Earth value not exceeding y Provision of insulators, especially below bus bars y Proper crimping of joints and provision of clamps y Proper routing of cables y Use of approved makes and brands

Civil Works y Layout as per drawing and jointly verified by client, vendor and owner y Approved makes of cement, steel and bricks to be used. y Check date of manufacture and quality cement before use y Bending and laying of steel as per drawing and bar bending schedule y Provision of cover blocks. No bricks/ wooden pieces will be used y Water cement ratio to be maintained y Center to center distances and level of columns to be ensured. y Compaction of earth work ensured y Cube tests for compressive strength to be undertaken and documented. PROJECT SAFETY MANAGEMENT y Safety guidelines during the actual tower construction
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y Helmets, Goggles for the workers y Electrical Safety measures y Fire safety measures y Address the issue of mortality caused when migratory bird species strike cell towers y If taller (>199 feet AGL) towers requiring lights for aviation safety must be constructed y Security lighting for on-ground facilities and equipment y Fire safety for the generator installed y Earthing and Lightning protection shall be provided in all completed towers sites to protect equipment from damage and personnel from harm which may result from excessive voltages during a lightning strike. Sites must not have conditions that would make constructing a tower unduly expensive. These conditions can include wetlands, poor or rocky soil conditions, significant distance to the cell tower site from the main road, lots of trees, possible hazardous waste on the property and high voltage power lines PROJECT RISK MANAGEMENT Towers are spaced wide apart and located in various types of terrains under different climatic conditions it is imperative that the contract terms and conditions caters for the site and location specific conditions. Thus there is a need to investigate the project in depth by reliable, committed, financially strong and technically competent construction consortium. y The project must offer a reasonable rate of return and the client guarantee proper business environment y There must be a proper mechanism to identify extra work done and to pay the cost of variations. The client and contractors experience and expertise in executing such types of contracts are of paramount necessity. Certain changes are generally found necessary, varying from the quality and nature of work from those agreed by the parties. The need is therefore, to resolve these variations before they manifest into disputes. Effective resolutions of variations arising out of
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variations during the execution of project has been an area of concern as significant number of projects suffer in terms of time, cost and quality performance due to obstruction in project objectives on account of conflicting individual interests. PROJECT MONITORING Laying down detailed plans and preparation of check lists are of no value incase these are not implemented on ground. The quality needs to be checked and monitor during the design phase and thereafter during and after construction at site. In addition to quality checks it is important that the site staff is trained and monitored at site on the quality measures to be adopted and on immediate corrective actions. VALIDATION AND TESTING 1) Main structure a) Check that there are no structure components missing b) Check that bars are neither warped, holed nor spitted and replace all defective parts. c) Check structure components for corrosion d) Check that draining holes on pipe leg members, pipe lattice parts are not blocked. e) Check the climbing facilities, platforms, catwalks for integrity.

2) Tower Base Foundation a)Check for settlements or movements b)Check for erosion c)Check general site condition (standing water, drainage, trees etc.) d)Check bolts, nuts and lock nuts for tightness e)Grout condition

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3) Verticality a)Check with the appropriate devices such as theodolite that the structure stands in a vertical position. b)There shall be no tilts. Take two measurements in two different planes with a 90' angle difference.

4) Antennas and Accessories a)Check antennas and antenna supports b)Check coaxial cables c.Check fixing clamps. 5) Lightning and Earthing system PROJECT RESOURCE MANAGEMENT The progress of cell site at optimal cost requires judicious allocation of available resources including material and equipment. The quality and progress of constructional activities depend upon providing matching resource at every stage of activity. Procurement of material and equipment in GSM/CDMA project spans across 85-90% of the overall cost and duration. Late delivery of material and equipment merge as the most important factor contributing to the delays in project implementation. The scenario in India is further complicated by the fact that most vendors over trade themselves and book orders much beyond their capability and capacity

A sample MIS for inventory control to correlate the invoices with delivery of material site wise which is of immense value in monitoring the cost, wastage, quantity and quality of equipment and material.

Bill of Material: Based on technical requirement, past experience, documented site wise requirement, availability and cost of material bill of material is prepared which lays down the quantity of each item. This gives a very fair idea of the scope of work to the vendor and also to the client in monitoring and controlling the cost.
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Scheduling of delivery of material and equipment: Delivery schedule of material and equipment is prepared based on the roll out plan, site wise requirement of equipment and material, planned progress at site, capabilities of vendors and to cater for reserves against unforeseen contingency. The warehouse and logistic department is informed accordingly for procurement and storage. H UM AN R ESO URCE M AN AGEM ENT The skill labours and engineers that are recruite and trained for the installation work are guide to keep the security and safety at all time on the field of installation of towers . Employers should take the following steps to reduce the risk of worker injuries and deaths during tower construction and maintenance Construction Activities guidelines in tower inspections. Employers should ensure that workers follow these guidelines. Ensure that hoisting equipment used to lift workers is designed to prevent uncontrolled descent and is properly rated for the intended use Ensure that hoist operators are prop- erly trained. Ensure that workers use 100%fall protection when working on towers at heights above 25 feet. Provide workers with a 100% fallprotection system compatible with tower components and the tasks to be performed. Ensure that gin poles are installed and used according to the specifications of the manufacturer or a registered professional engineer. Ensure that tower erectors are adequately trained in proper climbing techniques, including sustaining three- point contact. Provide workers with OSHA-required personal protective equipment and training in its proper use. Ensure that workers inspect their equipment daily to identify any dam- age or deficiencies. Provide workers with an adequate work-positioning device system. Connectors on positioning systems must be compatible with the tower components to which they are attached. (Note that a work-positioning device system does not constitute 100% fall protection.) N ET WORKING R ESO URCE M AN AGEME NT Network analysis is a generic term used to signify techniques that use networks and basic critical path concepts for planning and scheduling and are graphical numeric in nature. This depends basically upon graphical portrayal of work plan in the form of network and then their numerical analysis to yield information. It requires complete
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break down of the tasks into its component jobs and preparation of network showing the sequence as well as the inter-relationship between the various operations.

However, developing separate networks for each cell site is time consuming, consisting of voluminous paperwork and difficult to decipher quickly and objectively. Keeping this in view project planning schedule customized to the specific requirement of GSM/CDMA projects was designed and developed and this schedule lays down the planned duration of each activity and the delivery of the material was integrated with the planned progress.

Daily Progress Reports (DPR). DPR is customized by individual clients based on essential information required, terrain and activities. Generally it consists of name/ID of site, planned and actual completion of site layout, excavations, reinforcement, concreting, bolt casting, tower delivery and erection, shelter delivery and installation DG installation & commissioning, AC commissioning, Electrical works, EB connection, boundary wall and security room.

The systems are most effective as at a glance the management is able to assess the progress of each activity at respective sites, identify the problems, if any, and take immediate corrective measures.

Tracking Sheet for Civil Works: Civil works is the critical activity in the completion of cell site as erection of tower; shelter and DG depend on its timely completion. Further the quality of civil work play a major role in the stability of the structures. With this in view the tracking of civil work is of paramount importance and accordingly tracking sheet was designed and developed which lays down the planned and actual duration of completion of each activity. The progress is monitored, delivery of the material rescheduled if required. Documentation

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Documentation helps in standardization of work methods to attain consistency in operations. It serves as reference to management, site staff and contractors to create commonality of views and communication between them. It helps in providing feed back for improvement in practices, techniques, methods and specification for future projects. Accurate, complete and detailed records can be invaluable in time of accidents or structure failures. The major types of records to be maintained are: Site Folders: y Drawings of the location & key plan, structural and as built drawings, electrical, earthing grid and equipment layout in shelter. y Vendor details y Commissioning reports of AC and DG y Warranty certificates y Electrical configuration y Check lists, pour certificates y Acceptance testing report y Cube test results y Punch points Register Security guard attendance registers. Verified by respective site engineers Diesel Consumption Register:: Giving hour and energy meter readings, quantity of diesel in tank and filled. Verification by security Material register: Details of receipt and dispatch of material to other site/warehouse etc Visitors register: Incorporates details of visits by site engineers, quality teams and others Site Administration And Selection Cellular tower locations are the result of an engineering field called Radio Frequency Engineering or RF, for short. RF engineers work closely with the marketing departments to determine areas where the placement of a new tower will accomplish one (or more) of three goals:

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Expansion: The tower site provides coverage over areas that do not currently have coverage. Capacity: The tower site provides additional capacity for the carrier to handle more calls in areas where existing towers are overloaded. Quality: The tower fills in a hole or an area where customer calls are frequently dropped or call service is poor. In either case, the tower must serve a specific purpose. The majority of the times, that purpose are to increase the number of minutes that people talk or receive/send data on their phones. The industry refers to this as Minutes of Use or MOUs. The main way of increasing MOUs is by placing cell towers or sites in locations that have high daytime working populations. Most carriers have wireless plans that provide cheap or free "off time" rates, so the emphasis is daytime calling minutes which are typically the most expensive. Need less to mention that daytime rates are highest in areas where people either travel a lot or where they work. Urban and suburban areas have the highest concentration of cellular sites and towers. To provide coverage for those people traveling between these particular urban/suburban areas, highways, state roads, and higher traffic local roads are covered by towers as well. Placement of towers at strategic intersections of major roads is often preferred. Lately, carriers have been adding cell sites in rural areas as well in an attempt to provide ubiquitous coverage (an unobtainable goal for at least 5 years). Sites are located near a major roadway. Rarely do wireless carriers build towers in the middle of nowhere. Cellular sites must meet one or more of the three goals listed above. Building a tower to cover rural farmland where no people live does not serve any of these goals. The marketing departments of the wireless carriers are constantly reviewing potential and uncovered areas to determine where to place new towers. Because carriers have capital budgets, the marketing departments and RF engineering departments work together to prioritize those sites that they believe will provide the most benefit to the company in terms of MOUs or quality of service.

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PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION This phase include the various implementation steps in telecommunication tower implementation and commission. Following are the steps that are involved in the implementation process.

Installation & Commissioning of BTS Equipment Scope of work: y Receipt of site information from customer along with TND/RND y RFI check along with ensuring the site permissions y Material reception at the sites and checking as per packing list. Intimate to the customer in case of any deficiency y Hoisting of GSM/CDMA antennas on tower as per TND/RND y Clamping and routing of RF cables from Shelter to Antennae y Grounding the Antennae and RF cables at appropriate place y Ensuring drip loop/Z loop at cable entry plate y Ensuring no sharp bend on RF cables y Fixing OGB y Weather proofing y Fixing EMPs/Surge arrestors along with connectorization in shelter y Grouting the BTS y Extending, power cables, E1 cables, grounding cables to BTS y Fixing IGB and extending grounding to all peripheral equipment y Fixing DDF y Installation of Battery bank and rectifier y Installation of internal cable try y Installation of indoor jumpers y Checking VSWR y Switching on the equipment y Commissioning the equipment as per defined procedure y Power measurement
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Filling the check list and execution of quality audit

MW Installation and commissioning Scope of works: y Receipt of site information from customer along with TND/RND y RFI check in near end and far end besides ensuring the site permissions y Material reception at both ends and checking as per packing list and intimate the customer in case of exigency y Assembling and hoisting of MW antennas & radios on tower in both ends as per TND/RND y Clamping and routing of if cables from Shelter to Antennae in both ends y Grounding the antennas and RF cables at appropriate place y Fixing Transmission rack if required in both ends y Installation & commissioning of IDUs in shelters y Alignment of MW antennas till we achieve required receive level y Grounding, weather proofing and labeling all cables in both ends y Acceptance test BSC/MSC/STP/SDH/DWDM/PTN/XDM/DLC/FSO/DSLAM Installation and commissioning Scope of works: y Receipt of site information from customer along with TND/RND y RFI check at the site besides ensuring the site permissions. Sending the SDR to customer y Material reception and checking as per packing list and intimate the customer in case of exigency y Grouting the equipment rack and inserting all required modules as per the manual/lay out drawing y Interconnection with appropriate cables/jumpers y Grounding the equipment y Installation of DCDB and extension of power to the equipment y Installation of DDF and extension of E1s to the equipment by Kroning y Installation of optical cables if required and measurement of power
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y y y y

Switching on the equipment and commissioning as per the procedure Allotment of given IP address and extension of services to the subscribers BER test if required Preparation of AT document and sign off

MAINTAINENCE First Line Maintenance (a) When carrying out first line maintenance, due cognisance shall always be taken of the following factors: (i)The worst case scenario of a total mechanical failure is assumed in tower design. (ii)Mechanical failure can be caused by stress, extreme overload, use of defective and poor quality materials, fatigue, corrosion, poor workmanship, insufficient maintenance, sabotage, as well as any combination of these factors. (iii) Every design must attempt to foresee all possible combinations of these that can occur in the installation environment and incorporate protective answers to them in the design. In the maintenance of towers, attention shall be given to the following best practices:

1) Towers require regular maintenance for purposes of early detection of deterioration and as a mandatory measure to prevent breakdowns and the attendant consequences. 2) Regular maintenance is especially important for the purposes of public safety, network availability, environmental aesthetics and life time quality of the structures. 3) Maintenance and inspection of steel towers and antenna supporting structures should be performed by the owner on a routine basis. 4) All structures shall be inspected after severe winds conditions like tempest, hurricane, tornado, and after the installation of an additional load like antennas on the structure loading conditions.

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Maintenance checks will be carried out in the shortest delay according to observed irregularities. If irregularities involve safety concerns for employees or for the structure itself, maintenance interventions should be immediately carried out in cooperation with the tower manufacturer. Suggestions Prior stacking of materials at the job site Adequate supervision More labor compared to peak labor requirement Use of process charts and work schedules Safety equipment Use of vibrator and other equipment to prevent segregation and honeycombing Use of system formwork Grouting of bolts Leveling of beams, columns and template settings Centralized warehouse catering the needs of each construction site References DileepR.S,2001,LogisticsofFacilityLocationandAllocation,UnitedStatesofAmerica,Mar celDekker,Inc. http://www.trai.gov.in/whatnew.asp http://www.indiamart.com/nhstamps/services.html#site-acquisition http://www.trmcom.com/tower-maintenance.asp http://jobs.trovit.com/jobs/telecom-tower-project-contract-work

Jacka,MJ.,2002,BusinessProcessMapping,UnitedStatesofAmerica,JohnWiley&Sons,Inc . LakshmiNagP(2006),ProductivityIssuesinConstructionofSteelCommunicationTowers,B achelorofTechnologyThesis,IndianInstituteofTechnologyMadras,Chennai

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KumarS,2006TypesandDesignofSteelTowers,StructuralSteelDesign,IndianInstituteofTechnology,Mad ras,http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/IITMADRAS/Design_Steel_Structures_II,(accessedMay2006) IS204Part2:1992TowerBoltsSpecifications IS456(2000)PlainandReinforcedConcrete-CodeofPractice IS800(2007)-GeneralConstructioninSteelCodeofPractice IS802(Part1/Sec2):1992UseofStructuralSteelinOverheadTransmissionLineTowersCodeofPractice IS806:1988-CodeofPracticeforuseofSteelTubesinGeneralBuildingConstruction IS10262RecommendedGuidelinesforConcreteMixDesign IS875Part3:1987CodeofPracticeforDesignLoadsforBuildingsandStructures IS4091-1979CodeofPracticeforDesignandConstructionofTransmissionLinesandPoles Chetan,2007,CivilConstructionIssues,ProceedingsofworkshopconductedforM/sGTLInfr aLtd.,IndianInstituteofTechologyMadras,Chennai,Nov3rd2007 GandhiSR,2007,GeotechnicalIssuesrelatedtoTelecommunicationTowerConstruction,Pro ceedingsofworkshopconductedforM/sGTLInfraLtd.,IndianInstituteofTechologyMadras, Chennai,Nov3rd2007

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