Seismic Refraction Report 1 INTRODUCTION Seismic refraction involves the measurement of the time of travel of seismic waves from

the shot point to the receiver. As the waves have varying velocities in different rock units, they are refracted when they hit the boundary between different rock units. Seismic refraction surveys are used to determine the depth to interface, velocity in the rock unit and type of the rock unit. This report analyses some seismic refraction data using Microsoft Excel and also calculates the depth to interface and velocities in 2 rock layers.

Distance, Time, t (seconds) x Traverse Traverse Traverse Traverse Traverse 5 Traverse (metres) 1 2 3 4 avg. 0.0860 50 0.0831 0.0851 0.0785 0.1024 0.0811 0.1653 100 0.1635 0.1676 0.1586 0.1759 0.1608 0.2493 150 0.2466 0.2542 0.2437 0.2583 0.2434 0.3272 200 0.3295 0.3313 0.3255 0.3314 0.3212 0.4136 250 0.4150 0.4167 0.4130 0.4186 0.4046 300 0.4804 0.4897 0.4713 0.4948 0.4734 0.4819 350 0.5131 0.5131 0.5078 0.5261 0.5125 0.5145 400 0.5458 0.5526 0.5399 0.5506 0.5287 0.5435 450 0.5811 0.5845 0.5723 0.5880 0.5645 0.5781 500 0.6138 0.6183 0.6128 0.6189 0.6099 0.6147 550 0.6465 0.6506 0.6377 0.6618 0.6289 0.6451 600 0.6792 0.6811 0.6715 0.6871 0.6700 0.6778 650 0.7119 0.7175 0.7051 0.7139 0.7118 0.7120 700 0.7471 0.7519 0.7438 0.7656 0.7344 0.7486 750 0.7798 0.7812 0.7709 0.7887 0.7781 0.7786 800 0.8151 0.8212 0.8119 0.8163 0.8141 0.8157 Linear regression data from the average traverse will be used in the analysis of this report and also used for the calculations.

Seismic Refraction Report 2 LINEAR REGRESSION DATA

Slope Error on slope F Regression ss Slope Error on slope F Regression ss Direct Ray (Avg. Traverse) 0.001643 0.0015 Intercept 1.07E-05 0.001621 Error on intercept 0.99983 0.00224 S(y) 23541.18 4 Degrees of freedom 0.11813 2.01E-05 Residual ss Refracted Ray (Avg. Traverse) 0.000668 0.278909 Intercept 3.91E-06 0.00224 Error on intercept 0.999691 0.002052 S(y) 29161.9 9 Degrees of freedom 0.122845 3.79E-05 Residual ss

ANALYSIS OF LINEAR REGRESSION DATA AND PLOTTING THE T/X PLOT Although the direct ray can be

Initial t/x plot of the Traverse Average

1 Time, t/seconds 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 Distance, x/metres

separated from the refracted ray by visual examination, data from the linear regression is used to back up my choice. The point at can be used as the point of separation. However R2 value from the linear regression suggests that is the point of separation. This is due to the fact that the R2 value of the direct ray is higher without the point (300, 0.4804). Looking at the F- statistic value, it is higher without the same point present. A higher F-statistic value means there is a higher probability that these data points did not occur randomly. This justifies the regression for the direct ray. t/x Plot of Traverse Avg.

1.4 1.2 Time, t/seconds 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 Distance, x/metres

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The R2 and F-statistic values for the refracted ray are also high which suggests that the linear regression data can be justified. CALCULATIONS AND ERROR ANALYSIS
0.9 0.8 0.7 Time, t/seconds 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 Distance, x/metres

Error bars are used here to show the error boundaries for each point. The S(y) values of both rays were entered into Excels custom error bar facility to generate the error bars for the direct and refracted rays. It shows the minimum and maximum boundary limits for each data point.

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