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SAFETY
2. Wearing goggles?
2. Forming a hypothesis
5. Forming a conclusion
7. Control?
8. What is the experimental factor (variable) for this experiment? the control?
Variable:
Control:
2
CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 2
List the building blocks (monomers) and elements of each of the following organic
compounds and give 3 examples of each:
a. carbohydrates
Monomers:
Elements:
Examples:
b. lipids
Monomers:
Elements:
Examples:
c. proteins
Monomers:
Elements:
Examples:
d. nucleic acids
Monomers:
Elements:
Examples:
Solvent-
Solution-
Homeostasis-
Substrate-
Active site-
Polymerization-
Metabolism-
Polarity of H2O-
ECOLOGY CHAPTERS 3, 4, 5 & 6
What is…?
1. food chain-
2. food web-
3. carnivore-
4. omnivore-
5. herbivore-
6. predator-
7. producer-
10. decomposer-
11. scavenger-
12. mutualism-
13. parasitism-
14. commensalism-
15. symbiosis-
16. detritivore-
What are….?
1. Abiotic factors-
2. Biotic factors-
2. pyramid of numbers
3. pyramid of mass
4. pyramid of productivity
Define…
1. fitness-
2. adaptation-
3. population-
4. species-
5. niche-
6. habitat-
7. community-
8. ecosystem-
9. biosphere-
10. autotroph-
11. heterotrophy-
13. biomass-
15. denitrification-
16. transpiration-
1. the desert
2. the ocean
3. the tundra
ABOUT THE MICROSCOPE (Appendix)
1. Give the location and function of the following parts of the microscope:
1) objectives
2) body tube
5) diaphragm
6) ocular (eyepiece)
7) revolving nosepiece
2. Molly McButter made the slide shown in the diagram. Draw a slide that shows how the
letters will appear when she looks at the slide with her compound microscope. Draw
another slide which shows how the letters will look under her stereomicroscope.
EP
Compound Microscope
Stereomicroscope
3. Explain how to calculate magnification.
b. Nucleus
Function:
c. Ribosomes
Function:
d. Centriole
Function:
e. Cell wall
Function:
f. Cell membrane
Function:
g. Chloroplasts
Function:
h. Endoplasmic reticulum
Function:
i. Lysosomes
Function:
k. Chromosomes
Function:
l. Genes
Function:
m. Vacuole
Function:
3. Distinguish between:
a. prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Prokaryotes:
Eukaryotes:
b. rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Rough ER:
Smooth ER:
c. chromatin and chromosomes
Chromatin:
Chromosomes:
d. active and passive transport
Active Transport:
Passive Transport:
e. diffusion and osmosis
Diffusion:
Osmosis:
f. turgor pressure and plasmolysis
Turgor Pressure:
Plasmolysis:
4. Define the following terms and put them in the correct order--simplest to most complex:
a. cell-
b. tissue-
c. organ-
d. organ system-
5. Define the following:
a. Phospholipids-
b. Exocytosis-
c. Endocytosis-
d. carrier protein-
e. isotonic-
f. hypertonic-
g. hypotonic-
h. phagocytosis-
i. ATP-
CELLULAR RESPIRATION CHAPTER 8 &9
b. krebs cycle-
d. photosynthesis-
e. ATP-
f. ADP-
g. Chloroplasts-
h. Fermentation-
i. Lactic acid-
j. Alcohol-
k. Aerobic respiration-
l. Anaerobic respiration-
m. Mitochondria-
o. Glucose-
q. # of ATP’s produced-
r. carrier molecules-
s. NADH-
t. FADH-
DNA/RNA/PROTEIN SYNTHESIS CHAPTER 12
Function:
-What are the bases that make up DNA? Who pairs with whom?
Bases:
Pairs:
-Draw DNA molecule and label the helix. nucleotide.
(above)
-What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?
b. RNA
Function:
-What are the bases that make up RNA? Who pairs with whom?
Bases:
Pairs:
-How does the RNA molecule differ from the DNA molecule?
-What cell organelle packages the protein and ships it out of the cell?
b. If a protein was composed of 100 amino acids, approximately how many bases code
for this protein?
4. Identify the following individuals and explain his/her role in DNA research:
a. Griffith
c. Franklin
d. Chargoff
Nucleotides:
Codon:
Anti-codon:
Polypeptide:
Know where each event takes place in the cell during DNA and protein synthesis.
MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS CHAPTER 10 &11
1. How does cytokinesis occur in plant cells? in animal cells?
Plants:
Animals:
2. Draw a chart that compares MITOTIC CELL DIVISION and MEIOTIC CELL division.
Include the following information in your chart:
-End result (number of cells produced)
-Type of cells produced (body cells, gametes, etc.)
-Number of chromosomes in resulting cells
-Why each process is important
3. An organism has 20 chromosomes. Compare the production of eggs and sperm by giving
the number of cells produced and the chromosome number of each.
b. gamete-
c. fertilization-
δ d. diploid-
ε
e. zygote-
φ f. homologous chromosomes-
γ
g. crossing over-
h. alleles-
i. # of chromosomes-
j. reduction division-
k. autosomes-
l. sex chromosomes-
m. cell plate-
n. cleavage furrow-
o. cytokinesis-
p. spindle fiber-
q. centrioles-
r. histones-
5. Explain why the surface area to volume ratio probably triggers the cell to divide.
Mitosis:
Mitosis:
GENETICS CHAPTERS 14 & 11
1. Explain Mendel's laws of
- dominance and recessiveness:
-segregation:
-independent assortment:
b. heterozygous (hybrid)-
\
c. dominant-
d. recessive-
e. pure-
f. allele-
j. Genotype-
k. phenotype-
l. six-linked characteristics-
m. allele frequencies-
n. filial-
o. parental-
p. phenotypes-
q. genotypes-
r. Punnet squares-
s. Ratios-
6. What characteristics or disorders may be inherited by:
a. multiple alleles?
b. polygenes?
c. sex-linked?
d. nondisjunction?
b. Klinefelter's
c. Down's Syndrome
GENETICS PROBLEMS TO PONDER... (AND WORK!)
1. If a breeder was not sure if a dog was homozygous or heterozygous for black color, what
crosses might she make to determine if her dog is pure for the trait of black coat color?
2. What would be the results of the following crosses? (Tall is dominant). Give genotypic
and phenotypic ratios:
4. In mice, black coat (B) is dominant to white (b). Long tails (L) are dominant to short (l).
Use a Punnett square to show the following crosses:
a. homozygous dominant black, heterozygous long tail x white, short tail
b. homozygous black, short tail x heterozygous black, heterozygous long-tailed
d. black, short-tailed male is bred to a white long-tailed female. The results showed
1/2 black, long-tailed, 1/2 white, long-tailed mice. What was the genotype of the
male? the female?
Codominance:
-pink x white
-pink x pink
6. Beulah and Billy Bob have four children. Each one has a different blood type. What
must be the genotypes of Beulah and Billy Bob?
HUMAN GENETICS
Pedigrees:
Huntington’s disease:
Define:
Polygenic-
multiple alleles-
non-disjunction-
sex chromosomes-
zygote-
gamete-
karyotype-
translocation-
inversion-
deletion-
trisomy 21-
Down’s syndrome-
Monosomy-
Turner’s syndrome-
Mutations-
Amniocentesis-