Web Hosting

Web hosting is an internet common service. Web hosting means storing your web site on a public server. In other word web hosting is a service which allocates space for customers to showcase their websites on computer servers that are connected to the Internet Web hosting normally includes email services and often includes domain name registration Web Hosting Provider Web hosting using two options SELF HOSTING USING ISP Self Hosting Hosting your web site on your own server is known as selfhosting. Self-hosting becoming a realistic option for more sites as the price of connectivity goes down. It is the ultimate in command, control and its offer security advantages. Problem solving faster because you dont have to waste a time on a tech support line. Here are some problems to consider: 1. Hardware Expenses To run a real web site, you will have to buy some powerful server hardware. Dont expect that a low cost PC will do the job. You will also need a permanent (24 hours a day) high-speed connection to your office, and such connections are expensive. 2. Software Expenses Dont forget to count the extra cost for software licenses. Remember that server licenses often are much higher than client licenses. Also note that some server software licenses might have limits on number of concurrent users. 3. Labor Expenses Dont expect low labor expenses. Remember that you have to install your own hardware and software. You also have to deal with bugs and viruses, and keep your server constantly running in an environment where everything could happen.

Using an Internet Service Provider (ISP) Renting a server from an Internet Service Provider (ISP) is a common option. Here are some advantage: 1. Connection Speed Most providers have very fast connections to the Internet, like full T3 fiber-optic 45Mps connections equivalent to about 2000 traditional (28K) modems of 1000 high speed (56K) modems. 2. Powerful Hardware Service providers often have many powerful web servers that can be shared by several companies. You can also expect that to have an effective load balancing, and necessary backup servers. 3. Security and Stability Internet Service Providers are specialists on web hosting. Expect their servers to have more than 99% up time, the latest software patches, and the best virus protection. Things to Consider 1. 24-hours support Make sure your Internet service provider offers 24-hours support. Dont put yourself in a situation where you cannot fix critical problems without having to wait until the next working day. Toll-free phone could be vital if you dont want to pay for long distance calls. 2. Daily Backup Make sure you service provider runs a secure daily backup routine, otherwise you may lose some valuable data. 3. Traffic Volume Study the Providers traffic volume restrictions. Make sure that you dont have to pay a fortune for unexpected high traffic if your web site becomes popular. 4. Bandwidth or Content Restrictions Study the providers bandwidth and content restrictions. If you plan to publish pictures or broadcast video or sound, make sure that you can. 5. Email Capabilities Make sure your provider fully supports the email capabilities you need. 6. Front Page Extensions Make sure your provider fully supports FrontPage server extensions if you plan to use FrontPage to develop you site. 7. Database Access

Make sure your provider fully supports the database access you need if you plan to use databases from your site.

Web Hosting Types

Hosting can be FREE, SHARED or DEDICATED.

FREE HOSTING Some service providers offer free web hosting.

Free web hosting is best suited for small sites with low traffic, like family sites for sites about hobbies. It is not recommended for high traffic or for business. Technical support is often limited, and technical options are few.

Very often you cannot use your own domain name at a free site. You have to use a name provided by your host like http://www.freesite/users/~yoursite.htm. This is hard to type, hard to remember, and not very professional. Good: Bad: Low cost. Its free No domain names Good for family, hobby or Few, limited, or no software personal sites. options. Free email is often an option. Limited security options. Limited or no database support Limited technical support Dedicated Hosting With dedicated hosting your web site is hosted on a dedicated server. Dedicated hosting is the most expensive form of hosting. The solution is best suited for large web sites with high traffic, and web sites that special software. You should expect dedicated hosting to be very powerful and secure, with almost unlimited software solutions. Good: Good for large business Good for high traffic Bad: Expensive. Requires higher skills.

Multiple domain names Powerful email solutions. Powerful database support Strong(unlimited) software support

Collocated Hosting Collocation means co-location. It is solution that lets you place (locate) your own web server on the premises (locations) of a service provider. This is pretty much the same as running your own server In your own office, only that it is located at a place better designed for it. Most likely a provider will have dedicated resources like highsecurity against fire and vandalism, regulated backup power, dedicated Internet connections and more.

Good: High bandwidth. High up time. High Security Unlimited software options.

Bad: Expensive. Requires higher skills. Harder to configure and debug.

Shared (virtual) hosting

Virtual web hosting refers to the process of running multiple virtual web servers on a single physical host computer. Using this technology, a single computer can host thousands of independent web sites. Commercial web hosting service provides often use this technique to allow better manageability, efficiency and scalability of their service infrastructure. Shared hosting is very common, and very cost effective. On a shared host it is common that each web side have their own domain name. Shared solutions often offer multiple software solutions like email, database, and many different editing options. Technical support tends to be good. There are two basic methods of accomplishing virtual hosting: namebased , and IP based

Name base virtual hosting:

Name based web hosting is a technique that can be used when providing virtual web hosting services. Each web site that is hosted on a single machine shares a single public IP address. All HTTP GET requests received by this web server are answered according to the domain name supplied by the requesting client,

enabling the web server to differentiate between multiple virtual sites on the one IP address.

IP based virtual hosting:

IP based hosting is a technique that can be used when providing virtual web hosting services. Each web site that is hosted on a single machine is given its own separate public IP address. The HTTP GET requests are resolved by using the IP address instead of the name. Operating system limitations may also limit the maximum numbers if IP address that can be assigned to a single machine, especially if separate log files are used. The 5 Different Classes of IP Address

Class A : - 1.0.0.0 Class B : - 128.0.0.0 191.255.255.255 Class C : - 192.0.0.0 223.255.255.255 Class D : - 224.0.0.0 239.255.255.255 Class E : - 240.0.0.0 255.255.255.255

to

127.255.255.255 to to to to

The IP Classes listed above are not all usable by hosts!

Multi Homing
Multi homing describes a compute host has multiple IP addresses to connected networks. A multi home host is physically connected to multiple data links that can be on the same o different networks. For example, a computer with a windows NT 4.0 Server and multiple IP addresses can be referred to as multi homed and may serve as an IP router. Using this Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP), multi homing allows a single SCTP endpoint to support multiple IP addresses, which means that a session is more likely to survive a network failure. In a single-homed session, a network failure can isolate the end system or make transport temporarily unavailable.

 Multi homing means that redundant local area networks (LANs) can be used to support local access. Various approaches, such as using addresses with different prefixes to force routing through different carriers, or even using redundant core networks, can be taken to reduce the effects of failures. Multi homing is commonly used in Web management for load balancing, redundancy, and disaster recovery.

Document root
The document root is the serve path that is accessible by web visitors and robots. While it can be the server root, it is commonly set as a secondary directory such as public html. There is nothing special about this name and the directory that it is set varies from web server to web server.

HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol)

HTTP is short for Hyper Text Transfer Protocol.

It is the set of rules or protocol that governs the transfer of hypertext between two or more computer. The World Wide Web encompasses the universe information that is available via HTTP. Hypertext is a text is specially coded using a HTML (Hypertext Markup Language). The HTML codes are used to create links. This link can be textual or graphical. HTTP is based on client / server principal. HTTP allows client to establish a connection to the server and make a request. The server accepts the connection initiated by the client and sends back a response. HTTP request identifies the resources that the client is interested in and tells the server what action to take on the resource. When a user select a hypertext link, the client program on their computer users HTTP to contact the server, identify a resource, and ask the server to respond with an action. The serve accepts the request, and then uses HTTP to respond to or perform the action. HTTP also provides access to other internet protocols like FTP(File Transfer Protocol) & SMTP(Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)

Cookies
Some web sites store information in a small text file on our computer. This file is called a cookie.

 A cookies stored information such as PERSONAL INFORMATION like users name, geographic location or PERSONAL PREFERENCES like background color, text font size, color or face, interesting topics o hobbies etc Its purpose is to identify the user, to keep continuities between users and to allow a web server to personalize a web page, depending on previously submitted information. For example, when you establish an account with an outline subscribe to online magazine, you may be asked to fill out a form that includes some information about yourself and your preferences. The web server may store that information in a cookie on your computer. When you return to that website in the future, the retailers web server can read its cookie, recall this information and structure its web pages accordingly. A cookie file size is not exceeds then 4KB A cookie file is easily access and modify by the user because it is stored on user system.

Static website:
Any website which contains no dynamic content is called static website, i.e. the information provided on that particular site is static and hardly needs any update or modification. In short, the site containing static information is known as static website. E.g. Machine tool manufactures site. Sites of this category generally contain product information and company profile. Explanation: as we all know that any manufacturer has limited range of products that he sells. There are few chances of change in information related to products. Also, the information uploaded in such a site is hardly updateable. So, we can put this site in category of static site.

Dynamic website:
Any website which contains dynamic content is called dynamic site, i.e. the information provided on that particular site is needed to be updated frequently. In short, the site containing dynamic information is known as dynamic website. E.g.: Website of Newspaper agency. Sites of this category generally contain daily news updates and archives of past editions. Explanation: As we all know that we must update site daily since, we are dealing with daily news. It is quite clear that the information stored in site needs to be charged daily. So, we can put this site in category of Dynamic site.

Scripting language:
A script is a series of sentences placed one below the other in the form of paragraph. Each sentence tells CPU what it should be doing at that moment in time. The sentences will be written in the syntax of the scripting language of choice. A script can be Assign a value to a variable, any control statements, looping structure or procedure function etc. A Scripting language is classified in two types Client side scripting language Serve side scripting language

Client side scripting language

A script which is interpreted by web client (web browser) is known as client side scripting. A client side script is also an instruction set but that is not process by the server but that is processed by the web client. A script that is interpreted by web server is known as server side scripting language. A server side scripting is an instruction set that is process by the server and which generate the result in HTML the HTML results send to the web client. The main advantage of client side scripting over pure HTML is that it allows the developer to create more functional interactive web pages. The response time is often faster because the script is interpreted on the browser machine so there is no network involve. Executing script on the web browser means that there is less script to be executed the server so reducing the web server traffic. The client side scripting is browser specified because same client script run on different browser then may be both result is quite different. The biggest disadvantage is client side scripting code is not secure because it is completely visible to the user.

Server side scripting language:

Advantages of client side scripting:

Disadvantages of client side scripting:

Distributed web server:

The continuing growth of the world-Wide Web is placing increasing demands on popular Web servers. Data traffic in the world-wide Web (WWW), it is crucial to achieve the scalable performance of web servers. The overall performance and resource utilization can be improved by spreading document requests among a group of web servers called distributed web server.

 The system operates as a distributed web server. The server module is running on several machines and the manager module controls the server operation. The manager module itself can be distributed, to avoid bottleneck in high network loads. The distribution of the web server allows handling more requests and increasing the server throughout. Many sites are now using distributed web services (i.e., groups of machines) to service the increasing number of client requests, as a single server cannot handle the work load. Distributed web server, provide load balancing, cooperative caching, and the effective use of geographic distribution of servers machines. Incoming client requests must be distributed in some fashion among the machines in the distributed web server. Not only should this distribution balance the load on the variable servers, but it must do so in a manner that does not increase the latency for the web user. File caching may also improve the performance of the distributed web server. File caches store popular documents on (or near) the server, reducing the time needed for the server to prepare its response. A cache manager is used to organize the caching of documents within the distributed web server, and to ensure that cache consistency is maintained. To balance work load among cooperating servers, each server needs to know the current load situation of the other servers. This information is global in nature, but each server maintains its own local view of the global state. The best effort global load information is stored on each server. When a document is replicated to any of co-operating servers, all the subsequent requests for the replicated document need to be directed to one of the servers that host the document. Thus all the replicated copies should be kept track of and all hyperlinks pointing to the document should be updated dynamically between original and replicated copies in a way load is balanced among servers.

Benefit of distributed web server:

Network or packet level manipulation is not necessary. There is no entity (such as a router) that needs to touch every packet that is transferred between client and server. This avoids the possible bottleneck. Makes use of the connectivity of hyperlinks to directly control load balancing at the finger grained level of documents than using custom DNS servers. There is also no request redirection that requires client to make two connections for one request. Adding a new server is easy, flexible and cost effective. Any available machine may be added as a co-operating server. We can create low cost web server.

IIS Installation Steps

1. Start Settings Control Panel Add/Remove Programs

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Add/Remove Windows Components Select Internet Information Services (IIS) then click on Details. Some of the components you do not need. But for this example. Well install the whole IIS package since we want the web server. FTP server and mail capabilities. Click on Next The dialog box will show files being copied to your hard disk. After a few moments, youll get this dialog box that as you to insert the Windows XP CD into your CD-ROM drive. Put in the CD then click OK. The files will continue to be copied. This could take a while. When everything is done, youll see this screen. Click on Finish.

Configure PHP on IIS Web Server

1. Go to your Windows Control panel the click on Administrator tools and then Click Internet Information Services Icon. 2. Expand the tree and Right Click on the Default Wed Site and click on the Properties.

3. The Default Web Site properties appear. Now click on the Home Directory properties click on the Add button. 4. In the Home Directory properties click on the Configuration button. 5. In the Application Configuration Properties click on the Add button. 6. Now you get the Add/Edit Application Extension Mapping window enter the executable as C:\PHP\PHP.EXE(or the appropriate location where you have installed PHP) and the extension as .php as shown in the above figure and click OK you have successfully configured PHP on your IIS Web Server.