Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
3. ALMACENAMIENTO
Almacenamiento
51
DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
3. ALMACENAMIENTO
RECIBO DE PRODUCCIN Y ALMACENAMIENTO
Recibo
Recibo
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52
DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
3. ALMACENAMIENTO
CAPACIDAD OPERATIVA
M
B
L
S
/
D
I
A
LEYENDA:
A: TIEMPO DE LLENADO
B: TIEMPO DE REPOSO
C: TIEMPO DE DRENAJE
D: AFORO
E: BOMBEO
F: HOLGURA
TIEMPO
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53
DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
3. ALMACENAMIENTO
Produccin
Tiempo de reposo =
Tb
Tiempo de drenaje =
Tc
Td
Tiempo de bombeo =
Tiempo de holgura =
Nota:
= Ta
= T e
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54
DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
3. ALMACENAMIENTO
CLCULO DE LA CAPACIDAD DE ALMACENAMIENTO (CONTINUACIN)
=
T a + Tb + T c + T d + T e + T f
TG
A su vez:
TG = T Llenado TQ1 + T Llenado TQ2 + T Llenado TQ2 + + T Llenado TQN
Se tiene:
TG =
Cap. TQ1
Prod. Bruta
Cap. TQ2
Prod. Bruta
Capacidad Disponible =
C A
C B
+ .. +
Cap. TQN
Prod. Bruta
Si
Cap. TQ3
Prod. Bruta
TG (Das) =
24 Hrs
1 Dia
* T G (Hrs)
= T G (Hrs)
= C A
C B
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55
DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
3. ALMACENAMIENTO
EJERCICIO SOBRE CLCULO DE LA CAPACIDAD DE ALMACENAMIENTO
Se tiene que para finales de ao la produccin
de la segregacin X ser de
71,25 MBls
Corte de agua:
30 %
15.000 Bls / Hr
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56
DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
3. ALMACENAMIENTO
EJERCICIO SOBRE CLCULO DE LA CAPACIDAD DE ALMACENAMIENTO
(60000 Bls)
Tiempo de llenado =
Tiempo de reposo
Tiempo de drenaje
Tiempo de aforo
Tiempo bombeo =
=
=
= 4 Hrs
12 Hrs
2 Hrs
Tiempo Holgura
Tiempo Total
= 45,0 Hrs
T. Total =
= 20,2 Hrs
71250 Bls/Dias
= 2,8 Hrs
4 Hrs
C. Requerida Total * 24
Capacidad requerida =
Produccin Bruta
45,0 Hrs
24 Hrs
* 71,3 MMBD =
134,0 MMB
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57
DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
3. ALMACENAMIENTO
EJERCICIO CLCULO DE LA CAPACIDAD DE ALMACENAMIENTO
REQUERIMIENTO EN FUNCIN DEL INCREMENTO DE LA PRODUCCIN
180,0
170,0
160,0
CA P REQ.
CA P INST.
150,0
140,0
130,0
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
A O
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58
DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
3. ALMACENAMIENTO
Ejercicio Optimizacin Proceso de Deshidratacin de crudo.
Tiempo de Reposo.
En el Patio de Tanques A, se manejan cuatro tipos de crudos (X, Y, Z y K,cada uno de
los cuales tiene asignada una
determinada capacidad de almacenamiento y las cuatro
segregaciones mantienen en especificacin el contenido de agua en crudo requerido por el
cliente. Se requiere optimizar el proceso de deshidratacin en el sistema completo, mediante la
disminucin de los costos de tratamiento. Nota: Cada segregacion tiene asignado un numero
determinado de tanques, pero todos los tanques estan interconectados por lo que es posible
intercambiarlos entre las distintas segregaciones.
Conociendo:
Crudo X:
Produccin: 72MBBD
BSW: 30%
Gravedad API: 20,5
Cap. Almacenamiento disponible: 120 MBLS
(Tres tanques de 40 MBLS c/u).
Cap. almacenamiento requerida:105 MBLS
Tiempo de reposo: 4 Hrs
Tiempo Drenaje: 10 Hrs
Tiempo Fiscalizacin: 2 Hrs
Tiempo de Holgura: 4 Hrs
Crudo Y:
Produccin: 255,0 MBBD
BSW: 40%
Gravedad API: 30,2
Cap. Almacenamiento disponible: 420 MBLS
( tres tanques de 80 MBLS, tres 60 BLS).
Cap. Almacenamiento requerida: 350 MBLS
Tiempo de reposo: 4 Hrs
Tiempo Drenaje: 12 Hrs
Tiempo Fiscalizacin: 2 Hrs
Tiempo de Holgura: 4 Hrs
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59
DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
3. ALMACENAMIENTO
Ejercicio Optimizacin Proceso de Deshidratacin de crudo.
Tiempo de Reposo.
Crudo K:
Crudo Z:
Produccin: 100,0 MBls
BSW: 32,0%
Gravedad API: 11,2
Cap. de almacenamiento disponible: 180,0 MBLS
(dos Tqs de 50MBLS, dos 40MBLS).
Cap. almacenamiento requerida:175 MBLS
Tiempo de reposo: 6 Hrs
Tiempo Drenaje: 12 Hrs
Tiempo deFiscalizacin: 2 Hrs
Tiempo de Holgura: 4 Hrs
Produccin: 82MBls
BSW: 45%
Gravedad API: 33,2
Cap. de almacenamiento disponible 150 MBLS
(dos Tqs d e 55MBLS, uno 40MBLS).
Cap. almacenamiento requerida:143 MBLS
Tiempo de reposo: 4 Hrs
Tiempo Drenaje: 12 Hrs
Tiempo Fiscalizacin: 2 Hrs
Tiempo de Holgura: 4 Hrs
3,2 $
1,4 $
2,7 $
2,0 $
/ Bl,
/ Bl,
/ Bl,
/ Bl,
130 PPM
99 PPM
30 PPM
140 PPM
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60
DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
3. ALMACENAMIENTO
100
105
115
130
150
Tiempo( Hrs)
10
80
83
90
100
122
Tiempo( Hrs)
10
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DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
3. ALMACENAMIENTO
2.) Disminucin del consumo de qumica deshidratante en el caso del crudo X y Y, logrando
Incrementar los tiempos de reposo de dichos crudos, Para tal fin se estudia la
posibilidad de intercambio de tanques entre ambas segregaciones. (Tanque de
60 MBLS actualmente de la segregacin Y con tanque de 40 MBLS actualmente
de la segregacin X).
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62
DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
3. ALMACENAMIENTO
? = 39 Hrs
(80000 Bls)
255.000 Bls/Dias
24 Hrs
* 1 dia
Hrs
Tiempo de reposo
Tiempo de drenaje
12
Hrs
Tiempo de aforo
Hrs
Tiempo bombeo =
Tiempo de Holgura
Tiempo Total
= 33,0 Hrs,
Hrs
3,2 Hrs
=
=
4,0 Hrs
Segn datos del problema, para la segregacion Y, se tiene un consumo de 80 PPM para 10 Hras.
Ahorro =
1,4 $
1 Bl
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63
DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
3. ALMACENAMIENTO
Para el crudo Y:
? = 47 Hrs
(60000 Bls)
24 Hrs
72.000 Bls/Dias * 1 dia
Tpo reposo =
Tpo drenaje =
Tpo aforo
= 20 Hrs
10
(60000 Bls)*(10,30)
Tpo bombeo =
15.000 Bls/Hora
Hrs
Hrs
Hrs
= 2,8 Hrs
Tpo Holgura =
4,0 Hrs
Tpo Total
43,0 Hrs
3,2 $
1 Bl
334282 $/Ano
? = 38 Hrs
(80000 Bls)
24 Hrs
255.000 Bls/Dias * 1 dia
= 8
Hrs
Tpo reposo =
Tpo drenaje =
12
Hrs
Hrs
Tpo aforo
Tpo bombeo =
(80000 Bls)*(10,40)
15.000 Bls/Hora
Hrs
= 3,2 Hrs
Tpo Holgura =
4,0 Hrs
Tpo Total
33,0 Hrs
1,4 $
1 Bl
347390 $/Ano
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64
DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
3. ALMACENAMIENTO
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65
DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
3. ALMACENAMIENTO
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DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
3. ALMACENAMIENTO
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DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
3. ALMACENAMIENTO
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DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
3. ALMACENAMIENTO
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DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
3. ALMACENAMIENTO
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DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
3. ALMACENAMIENTO
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71
DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
3. ALMACENAMIENTO
PERDIDAS POR EVAPORACIN POR RESPIRACIN
EN TANQUES DE ALMACENAMIENTO TECHO FIJO.
Tarde:
Expansin
Noche:
Contraccin
Maana en
la maana:
Maana:
Expansin
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72
DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
3. ALMACENAMIENTO
PERDIDAS POR EVAPORACIN (METODO API)
Correlaciones matemticas utilizadas para estimar el volumen de las perdidas
segn Mtodo API
Tanques de Techo Fijo:
Perdidas por respiracin:
LY = KC *
24
1000
P
14,7 - P
0,68
* H
1,73
0,51
0,50
* T
* FD
*C
Donde:
LY = Perdidas por evaporacin.
KC = Factor por tipo de produccin (crudo-Gasolina), Kc = 0,4 para crudos y 1,0 para gasolinas.
P = Presin de vapor a la temp. De almacenamiento (Lppca)
D = Dimetro del tanque (pie).
H = Espacio vaco promedio (pie).
T = Diferencia de los promedios de temperatura ambiente mximos y mnimo (F).
Fp = Factor de pintura.
C
= Factor de correccin por el dimetro del tanque, para dimetros mayores de 30 pie, C = 1.
Ecuaciones tomadas del API Bulletin 2523
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73
DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
3. ALMACENAMIENTO
+ (H t H Max.) + h / 3
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DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
3. ALMACENAMIENTO
H = Ht + h / 3 + (H Max. H Min)
El factor de correccin por color es tomado del API Bulletin 2523 (Ver ).
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75
DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
3. ALMACENAMIENTO
3,0 * p * v * kT
10.000
Donde:
F = Perdidas por movimiento (Bls / ao)
P = Presin de vapor verdadera a la temperatura de almacenamiento del crudo (Lppca).
V = Volumen de crudo bombeado al tanque.(Bls netos al ao)
K t = Factor de llenado que depende del numero de movimientos del tanque durante el ao.
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76
DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
3. ALMACENAMIENTO
PERDIDAS POR EVAPORACIN -
MTODO API
Se tiene que:
Av = (H Max. H Min.) * Ct
n = Vt / Av
N = 12 * n
K t = 1 para N menor o igual 36
K t mayor a 36, se tiene:
Kt =
(180 + N)
6N
Donde:
N = Numero de movimientos del tanque durante el ao.
n = Numero de movimientos del tanque durante el mes.
Vt = Volumen de barriles brutos bombeados al tanque durante el mes (Bls).
Av = Volumen de operacin del tanque (Bls brutos).
Ct = Calibracin del tanque.
Ecuaciones tomadas del API Bulletin 2523
COPYRIGHT@ RESET C.A 2006
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77
DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
3. ALMACENAMIENTO
EJERCICIO SOBRE PRDIDAS POR EVAPORACIN
EN TANQUE DE TECHO FIJO.
Temperatura
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78
DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
3. ALMACENAMIENTO
EJERCICIO SOBRE PRDIDAS POR EVAPORACIN
EN TANQUE DE TECHO FIJO.
LY = 0,4 *
24
1000
24
*
1000
14,7 - P
5,8
*
14,7 5,8
0,68
* H
1,73
0,51
0,50
* T
* FD
*C
0,68
1,73
0,51
0,50
115,0
* 19 * (7,0) * (1,15)
* 1
LY = 2203,0 Bls/ao
3,0 * P * v * kT
10.000
F=
Total Perdidas:
Total = 4653 Bls /ao
COPYRIGHT@ RESET C.A 2006
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79
DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
3. ALMACENAMIENTO
FACTOR DE LLENADO
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80
DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
3. ALMACENAMIENTO
FACTOR DE PINTURA , Fp
Techo
Estructura
Pintura en buenas
Condiciones
Pintura en Pobre
Condiciones
Blanco
Blanco
1.00
1.15
Aluminio (Brillante)
Blanco
1.04
1.18
Blanco
Aluminio (Brillante)
1.16
1.24
Aluminio (Brillante)
Aluminio (Brillante)
1.20
1.29
Blanco
Aluminio (Difuso)
1.30
1.38
Aluminio (Difuso)
Aluminio (Difuso)
1.39
1.46
1.38
Blanco
Gris
1.30
Gris Claro
Gris Claro
1.33
Gris Medio
Gris Medio
1.46
NOTAS:
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81
DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
3. ALMACENAMIENTO
Tabla tomada del texto: Gas Conditioning and precesing, Jhon M. Campbell, pagina 112, 1976
COPYRIGHT@ RESET C.A 2006
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DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
3. ALMACENAMIENTO
EJEMPLO DE CICLOS DE PROCESO DE
CUATRO TANQUES DE ALMACENAMIENTO.
M
B
L
S
/
D
I
A
Tanque 1
C
D
E
LEYENDA:
TIEMPO
M
B
L
S
/
D
I
A
A: TIEMPO DE LLENADO
Tanque 2
C
B: TIEMPO DE REPOSO
C: TIEMPO DE DRENAJE
D: AFORO
E: BOMBEO
TIEMPO
M
B
L
S
/
D
I
A
F: HOLGURA
B
C
Tanque 3
D
TIEMPO
M
B
L
S
/
D
I
A
Tanque 4
C
D
E
F
TIEMPO
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DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
3. ALMACENAMIENTO
NOTAS:
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DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
3. ALMACENAMIENTO
Drenaje Automticos
Consiste en instalar un sensor aguacrudo a un nivel determinado y
mediante un sistema de automatizacin incluyendo vlvula de control, el
sistema es capaz de drenar toda el agua contenida en el tanque de manera
efectiva, esta accin era llevada a la sala de control donde se reflejaba la
cantidad de agua drenada y las aperturas / cierres de la vlvula de control.
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DESHIDRATACION DE CRUDOS
3. ALMACENAMIENTO
permite drenar o sacar la mayor cantidad de agua del tanque que esta
entregando pero genera o se transfiere el problema al tanque que esta
recibiendo, aunado a esto se crea un problema de contabilidad que debe ser
manejado oportunamente.
Las aguas drenadas son llevadas a un proceso de clarificacin, donde las
mismas son tratadas para su disposicin final.
NOTAS:
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86