CAD S t Systems

A CAD system is a complex application requiring both CAD y p pp q g hardware and CAD software CAD Software It is a computer program written in C, C++, Scheme or Java Has multilayered GUI providing menus and icons May run client/server mode Installing CAD software very easy! Did y ever install g y y you AutoCAD or Pro/Engineer? Try once. A data structure is used to store the geometry and topology CAD/CAM signifies integration of them; CAD database file that stores information Suitable DBMS is required Learning curve is very steep g y p
I/C: Dr. Regalla Srinivasa Prakash, Mechanical Engg., B. I. T. S., Pilani 1

Modules in CAD Applications

Will have different modules

Geometric engine - modeling A li ti module - FEM Application d l Programming module NC part program Communication module import/export Collaborative module participative design
I/C: Dr. Regalla Srinivasa Prakash, Mechanical Engg., B. I. T. S., Pilani 2

Acquiring CAD System q g y

Low end
Meant for beginners, less complex geometry can be dealt with E g AutoCAD Autodesk, Inventor, CADKEY E.g., AutoCAD, Autodesk Inventor

Mid range
Meet the need to have complex models Support design and manufacturing needs E. g., SolidWorks, Pro/E, and MasterCAM

High end
Legacy systems and have been around since 1970s Offer modeling, analysis, manufacturing, complex products such as airplanes,cars etc. E. g., Unigraphics, Parasolid, I-DEAS, CATIA

Specialized
Provide a very robust and universal geometric modeling and offer graphics kernel E g., ACIS and Parasolid E. dP lid
I/C: Dr. Regalla Srinivasa Prakash, Mechanical Engg., B. I. T. S., Pilani 3

How to choose among various CAD systems? A good CAD system should be:
Easy to learn Easy to work with Have macro commands Have its own embedded programming language Have an open database Be compatible with other CAD/CAM and analysis p g program
I/C: Dr. Regalla Srinivasa Prakash, Mechanical Engg., B. I. T. S., Pilani 4

Using a CAD System

Get an account Log in Save the part file Print a copy Use system Change database Units
5

Log out

Start software

Use GUI

Get Help p

I/C: Dr. Regalla Srinivasa Prakash, Mechanical Engg., B. I. T. S., Pilani

Coordinate systems and sketch planes

THREE DIFFERENT COORDINATE SYSTEMS MODEL COORDINATE SYSTEM (MCS)
Also called as the world coordinate system by other literature

WORK COORDINATE SYSTEM (WCS)

Also called as user coordinate system by other literature

SCREEN COORDINATE SYSTEM (SCS)

I/C: Dr. Regalla Srinivasa Prakash, Mechanical Engg., B. I. T. S., Pilani 6

MODEL COORDINATE SYSTEM (MCS)

It is the equivalent of the World Coordinate y System MCS is the reference space of the model with respect to which all the model g geometrical data is stored. It is the default Cartesian coordinate system
I/C: Dr. Regalla Srinivasa Prakash, Mechanical Engg., B. I. T. S., Pilani 7

MCS (contd.)
MCS has two possible orientations: 1) XY plane defines the model top view 2) XY plane defines model front view systems. Both are Right Handed coordinate systems

I/C: Dr. Regalla Srinivasa Prakash, Mechanical Engg., B. I. T. S., Pilani

MCS (contd.)
Obtaining orthographic views is retrieving information from the MCS. Thus, confusion is likely if the actual orientation does not match the expected orientation of the part. Data storage into and retrieval from the database is always done in MCS and after converting into Cartesian (x, y, z) coordinate system. Whereas data entry by user is possible in all the following possible ways:

In Cartesian coordinates using a WCS In cylindrical coordinates using a WCS In spherical coordinates using a WCS
I/C: Dr. Regalla Srinivasa Prakash, Mechanical Engg., B. I. T. S., Pilani 9

WORK COORDINATE SYSTEM (WCS)

It is the auxiliary coordinate system apart from MCS WCS is useful when a desired plane of construction is not easily defined as one of the MCS orthogonal planes, for example, inclined faces of a model User can define a Cartesian X-Y WCS that is coincident with the desired plane of construction construction. It is a convenient user-defined system that facilitates geometric construction construction.
I/C: Dr. Regalla Srinivasa Prakash, Mechanical Engg., B. I. T. S., Pilani 10

WORK COORDINATE SYSTEM (contd.)

WCS can be established at any position and orientation in space that the user defines The data entered with reference to WCS is transformed by the software to MCS g before storing The dual use of WCS and MCS offers y flexibility WCS is also referred to as construction p plane
I/C: Dr. Regalla Srinivasa Prakash, Mechanical Engg., B. I. T. S., Pilani 11

FORMAL DEFINITION AND SETUP OF WCS

STEP 1 S l 1: Select three non-collinear points, P1, P2 h lli i and P3 STEP 2 Th fi t of th 2: The first f these, P1, f forms th origin of the i i f WCS STEP 3: The first and the second P1 and P2, second, define the XW-axis. STEP 4: The third point P3, is used to define the point, XWYW plane of the WCS. STEP 5: The ZW axis is determined from the cross product of the two unit vectors, n1 and n2, where n1: P1 P2 and n2: P1 P3
I/C: Dr. Regalla Srinivasa Prakash, Mechanical Engg., B. I. T. S., Pilani 12

Use of WCS

I/C: Dr. Regalla Srinivasa Prakash, Mechanical Engg., B. I. T. S., Pilani

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Transformation from WCS to MCS

Once a WCS is defined, user coordinate data input is referred to this WCS Meanwhile, the software calculates the homogeneous transformation matrix between WCS and MCS for storing data. P = [T] PW P = Position vector of a point relative to MCS PW = Position vector of a point relative to WCS [T] = The homogeneous transformation matrix
I/C: Dr. Regalla Srinivasa Prakash, Mechanical Engg., B. I. T. S., Pilani 14

P = [ x y z 1]T

t11 t12 t t 22 21 [T ] = t31 t32 0 0

t13 t14 M t 23 t 24 W [R ] = t33 t34 0 0 0 0 1

PW , orig g 1

I/C: Dr. Regalla Srinivasa Prakash, Mechanical Engg., B. I. T. S., Pilani

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Cosine of Angle of X with Xw

Cosine of angle of X with Yw

Cosine of angle of X with Zw

Cosine of Angle of Y with Xw Cosine of angle of Y with Yw

Cosine of angle of Y with Zw

1 0 [C ] = 0 0

0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0

a 1 a + 1 1 b + 0 b = c 0 c + 1 1 1 1
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I/C: Dr. Regalla Srinivasa Prakash, Mechanical Engg., B. I. T. S., Pilani

Practice work: 1
Apply the following to A l th f ll i t your CAD system: t Two ways to execute commands
1) Menubar approach 2) Toolbar approach

System level customization Document level customization Modes of CAD system Coordinate systems and sketch planes y p
I/C: Dr. Regalla Srinivasa Prakash, Mechanical Engg., B. I. T. S., Pilani 17

Practice work 2
Practice the following on your CAD system
Sketching (2D operations) Modeling (3D Operations) 2 dimensional models (or 2 D models) 3D models Different views, view orientation, view modes, view manipulations Productivity tools: enable quicker action such as:
Geometric modifiers Geometric arrays Grids
I/C: Dr. Regalla Srinivasa Prakash, Mechanical Engg., B. I. T. S., Pilani 18

2 D Models

2 D models

Composite 2 D model
I/C: Dr. Regalla Srinivasa Prakash, Mechanical Engg., B. I. T. S., Pilani 19

Practice session -3 Practice the following on your CAD system

Management Tools g
Layers Colors

Storing and retrieving CAD models Use FTP and Telnet sessions

I/C: Dr. Regalla Srinivasa Prakash, Mechanical Engg., B. I. T. S., Pilani

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Major Benefits of a CAD package

Automates repetitive tasks reduces duplicate efforts Allows you to communicate with others via electronic means Makes drawing revisions easier to perform Enable you to customize environment Lets you to create accurate and high-quality drawing Provides impressive presentation Supports a wide selection of hardware
I/C: Dr. Regalla Srinivasa Prakash, Mechanical Engg., B. I. T. S., Pilani 21

Thank you!
Any questions?

I/C: Dr. Regalla Srinivasa Prakash, Mechanical Engg., B. I. T. S., Pilani

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