HALA - Summer Course v16

HALA!
SESAR Research Network
Summer School
TITLE
Slots and flow management (Slot allocation & operational planning: airport and en-route slots, CFMU) Rosa Arnaldo, UPM
COURSE 102: RESEARCH IN DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS FOR FUTURE AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
La Granja
9th -12th July, 2012
www.hala-sesar.net
Introduction
HALA! SESAR Research Network
Summer School
Imbalance between air transport demand and airport facilities/infrastructure availability and airspace systems to meet demand.
Results in congestion
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Introduction
Summer School
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Two main process Airports
Summer School
Airspace
Two main processes for maximizing use of available capacity
Airport slots allocation

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ATFM slots allocation

4
Two main process
Summer School
Airport slots allocation
The FPL management link these two main processes
ATFM Slots allocation
Allocated airport slots

14/07/2012
EOBTs
ETOTs
ATFM slots (CTOTs)

5
Airport Slots - The Building Blocks of Air Travel
Summer School
1 2
Airport Slots The Building Blocks of Air Travel Flow Management Demand and Capacity Balance Connecting Airport slots and ATFM slots
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3
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Summer School
Airport Slots The Building Blocks of Air Travel
14/07/2012
Summer School
What is an Air Traffic Slot?

Permission given by a coordinator to land at or to take off from a coordinated airport on a specific date and time. The allocation of an airport slot in no way represents the right to ownership of that slot by the company to which the authorization has been granted.
14/07/2012
Summer School
What is a Coordinated Airport?

Level 1: Non coordinated Airport
Airline Handling Agent Airport
Demand <<<< Capacity

Simple discussions between airline, handling agent and airport
Level 2: Schedules Facilitated Airport

Airline
Schedules Facilitator
Demand = Capacity
Schedules submitted to facilitator who seeks cooperation and voluntary schedule changes to avoid congestion. No slots are actually allocated . No historical precedence.
Airport
Level 3: Coordinate Airport

Airline
Coordinator
Demand >>>>>> Capacity

Airlines must have been allocated a slot before operating Allocation of slots by coordinator Historic rights exist and slot exchange occurs
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Airport
14/07/2012
Summer School
How many coordinated airports are there in Europe nowadays?
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10
Summer School
What is Slot Allocation?

A planning instrument to help balance supply and demand at a coordinated airport and to maximize the use of scarce capacity.
How often are Slots Allocated?

From the last Sunday of October to the Saturday before last Sunday in March From the last Sunday in March to Saturday before last Sunday in October
14/07/2012
11
Summer School
What is a series of slots?

At least five slots having been requested and allocated - for the same time on the same day of the week regularly in the same scheduling period.
What is a new entrance?

An air carrier , with low presence at an airport, fewer than five slots at that airport on a particular day. An air carrier holding more than 5 % of the total slots available on the day in question at a particular airport shall not be considered as a new entrant at that airport;
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Summer School
Who is the Coordinator?

The sole person responsible for the allocation of slots Request: Nominated by the State. (a)historical slots by airline, Acts according to (b)requested slots (initial Regulation. submissions), Neutral, non(c)all allocated slots, and discriminatory and outstanding slot requests, transparent. (d)remaining available slots, Monitor the conformity of (e)full details on the criteria air carriers' operations being used in the with the slots. allocation.
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Examples of coordinators in Europe

Summer School
Belgium- Brussels Airport: Sabena Finland: Finnair. France. New Society formed by French airlines : COHOR. Germany. A natural person that reports to DGAC. Greece: Olympic Airways. Italy. Until 1996, it was Alitalia. In November 1996, after protests from airlines, the DGAC temporarily took the responsibility until the creation of an independent company. Denmark. New company of the Danish airport and airlines: Airport Coordination Denmark. Sweden. New company of the Swedish airport and airlines: Airport Coordination Sweden. Norway. New company made by the Norwegian airport and airlines: Airport Coordination Norway. UK. An independent company, ACL, owned by nine British airlines. They have contractual relationships with airports.
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Summer School
An what about the Coordination Committee?

To advise the coordinator and/or the Member State on: the possibilities for increasing the capacity of the airport or for improving its usage; the coordination parameters the methods of monitoring the use of allocated slots; local guidelines improvements to traffic conditions serious problems encountered by new entrants all questions relating to the capacity of the airport; To mediate between all parties concerned on complaints on the allocation of slots.
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Summer School
An the coordinating parameters? Twice yearly Objective analysis . Maximum number of departures and landings . At coordinated airports there are shortfalls as regards these capacities so the timeframes have to be allocated by an airport coordinator.
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How the process works
Summer School
Airports outside the EU: Airline self-regulation using guidelines drawn up

by IATAs Worldwide Slot Guidelines .
Airports regulated by the EU:

Slot Allocation Regulation. Regulation 95/93/EEC amended by Regulation 894/2002/EC and 793/2004/EC
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How the process works: Airline self-regulation
Summer School
Two stages
overall and worldwide schedule co-ordination at twice-yearly IATA meetings; and local co-ordination at individual airports usually through their own scheduling committees.
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Summer School
Guiding rules
1 grandfather rights 2 use it or lose it
3 slot pool
New entrant and regular services priority

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Summer School
Grandfather rights or 80/20 rule

An air carrier having operated a series of slots for at least 80 % during the summer/winter scheduling period is entitled to the same slots in the equivalent scheduling period of the following year
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Summer School
SC: Slot Canceled SNC: Slot not granted SCO: Slot granted and correctly operated SCD : Slot granted at different time SCN: Slot granted but not operated
First step : determination of the historic series
A=SCO/(SCO+SCD+SCN+SC) A= 19/(19+2+1+1)=0,82
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Summer School
Second step : determination of the time and period of the historic series A=SCO/(possible operations within the period)
10:10 - B=10 / 26 10:20 - B=4 / 8 10:20-- B=4 / 5
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(April 3 - Sept 25) < 80% (Jun 12 - Jul 31) < 80% (Jun 12 Jul 10) = 80%
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Summer School
Use it or lose it rule

Example clase
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Summer School
Priorities in slot allocation: the Slot pool

1
2
Historic Slots
Remaining capacity and any new capacity for the season
Changes to Historic Slots for operational reasons

SLOT POOL
50%
50%
New entrants
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Changes to Historic Slots for nonoperational reasons Regular services, commercial flights Most frequently, longer duration, more days of the week 24 All other request
How the process works Is it possible to interchange slots?

Slots Swapping
Summer School
Slots can be freely exchanged between airlines as long as the slots exchanged are going to be used Only authorized: between the main company and subsidiaries between subsidiaries of the same main company, as part of the capital acquisition of an airline, in the case of total or partial acquisition, when the slots are directly related to the airline acquired.
Transfer of Slots
Trade with Slots

14/07/2012
NOT allowed YET Except UK, US, .

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How the process works What is the process?

80/20 Rule Start Date (31 January)
Summer School
SUMMER SEASON
Calculation of historic rights
Deadline of Slot Handback (15 January)
Start of the season
End of the season
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
JAN
FEB
MART
SEP
OCT
Initial Corodination Post Conference Coordination
Request Coodination 14/07/2012
IATA Conference 26
The four cornerstones of the Worldwide Slots Allocation System
Summer School
The 4 cornerstones of our worldwide system

No airline wants a slot management system, but the Certainty of access Transparency of allocation rules governing access to slots must be the same at Flexibility to meet Sustainability and both ends of a route changing market needs predictability of costs
Slot allocation rules are observed worldwide

Airport May Airport A try to impose its unique rules onB Europe nonwithin Europe outside Europe European airlines?
Departure Slot slot pair Arrival Slot
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Arrival Slot slot pair Departure Slot

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Europeen airports key facts and figures

Almost 800 million passengers used EU airports in 2010.
Summer School
Aviation is one of Europe's most competitive sectors. Europe as "hub" for the world. Over the next five years, air transport growth will be driven mainly by regions like Asia Pacific, the Middle East and Latin America. Two major challenges facing European airports: capacity and quality. Capacity crunch. Airport capacity must be optimised. Today 5 major European airport hubs are at saturation . By 2030, on current trends 19 key European airports will be at saturation. Quality and efficiency of services at airports must be improved. 70% of all delays to flights are already caused by problems due to the turn around of aircrafts at airports .
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Problems arising from the existing system of allocation

Relation between preliminarily requested and finally operated slots.
Financial accoutrements and independency of the coordinator. Monitoring the use of allocated slots.
Summer School
Few carries holds a very large amount of available slots: babysitting. No incentive for efficient use od slots. Slots close to peak times used within peak times. Lack of timeframe protects established carriers against effective competition.
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What are the problems?

Summer School
Is the current system of slot allocation inefficient? Is the "grandfather clause" sufficiently performant? How to avoid capacity to remain unused? May be a solution allow market incentive for airlines to sell on under used slots to other airlines who could make better use of the capacity? Does the system hinders competition and passenger choice? Is the System resistant to air traffic increase? Can carriers enter the market at congested airports? Does airlines will do everything necessary to keep their slots from one season to the next? Are pool slots often only available for flight timings which are less attractive (e.g. mid afternoon, late evening, when fewer people wish to fly)?
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Slot Allocation Regulation: proposed reform, 2011
Summer School
Allocation system in place prevents optimal use of the scarce capacity at busy airports . EC Better Airports Package December 2011 : Introducing the possibility of secondary trade in slots and increased competition Strengthening the transparency of the slot allocation process and the independence of slot coordinators Integrating slot allocation with the reform of the European air traffic management system (SES) Amending the '80-20' rule on grandfather rights
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Summer School
Airport Slots The Building Blocks of Air Travel
Drawbacks
Possible improvements
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Flow management
Summer School
Flow Management The balance between Demand and Capacity
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Why Flow Management
Summer School
What does DEMAND stand for?

In economics, demand is the desire to own anything, the ability to pay for it, and the willingness to pay. In air transport, air traffic demand stand for.the mumber of aircraft
intending to use the Air Navigation System
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Why Flow Management
Summer School
What does CAPACITY stand for ?

The number of flights for a time period that can be managed by an ANSP, normally varying according to: The complexity of the flights to be managed. Staffing numbers and their experience (e.g, number of trainees under supervision). Status of equipment.
different meanings:
Declared capacity : before taking the above factors into account. Co-ordinated Capacity: after taking the above factors into account.
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Why Flow Management
Summer School
What is Traffic Flow ?

Number of flights moving through and Airspace in a common direction
Is there any Limit for traffic flows?

The limit is based on :
DEMAND and CAPACITY

What happens if DEMAND exceed CAPACITY?
then , either the DEMAND or the CAPACITY requires adjustment.
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Why Flow Management
Summer School
What is Air Traffic Flow Management ?

A service established with the objective of contributing to a safe, orderly and expeditious flow of air traffic by ensuring that Air Traffic Control (ATC) capacity is utilised to the maximum extent possible, and that the volume of traffic is compatible with the capacities declared by the appropriate Air Traffic Services (ATS) authority
Air Traffic Flow Management Objectives

Safety Fluency Better use of capacity Equity Information
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Why Flow Management
Summer School
What is EOBT (Estimated Off Block Time)/coordinated SLOT ?

Time programmed to perform an operation within a period of time determined at an airport.
What is and ATFM SLOT or CTOT (Calculated Take Off time) ?

Take-off Time assigned by the Flow Control Service.
What is a ATFM Delay ?

Difference in time between the scheduled and actual take of time of a flight.
What is a ATFM Regulation ?

ATFM Measure issued by the Flow Control service provider in order to protect the established parameters of capacity in the airspace and airports.
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Why Flow Management
Summer School
What is Air Traffic Flow Management ?

A service established with the objective of contributing to a safe, orderly and expeditious flow of air traffic by ensuring that Air Traffic Control (ATC) capacity is utilized to the maximum extent possible, and that the volume of traffic is compatible with the capacities declared by the appropriate Air Traffic Services (ATS) authority
Demand requiring ATFM measures
Regulated Demand
Actual Demand
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Why Flow Management What is Air Traffic Flow & Capacity Management ?
Summer School
A concept which extends the role of ATFM to the optimization of traffic patterns and capacity management. Through managing the balance of capacity and demand, the aim of ATFCM is to enable flight punctuality and efficiency according to the available resources with the emphasis on optimizing the network capacity through the collaborative decision making process
Air Traffic Flow & Capacity Management Objectives

Safety Fluency Better use of capacity Equity Information
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The Essence of ATFCM
Summer School
The Challenge
Enabling flight punctuality and efficiency according to the available resources
The Answer
Improving Traffic Flow & Capacity Management
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The Essence of ATFCM
Summer School
Planning and optimisation of the required capacity. Overcome as far as possible the slot allocations. Minimise the impact on Aircraft Operators. Inclusive and transparent collaborative decision making process Implementation of local solutions based on a global ATM awareness. Anticipation of any events according to new information
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CFMU systems
Summer School
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CFMU Areas of Operation

ATFCM Area
States receiving full ATFCM service from CFMU
Summer School
ATFCM Adjacent Area

FIRs directly adjacent to the CFMU area: ATFCM regulations at the entry fixes/pints on their boundary or at an airport(s) and only for traffic departing within the ATFCM Area.
Flight Plans and Messages (FPM) Distribution Areas- IFPS zone

The area in which CFMU is responsible for the distribution of Flight Plans and associated messages to the ATC world.
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How are different flights affected?
Summer School
All IFR GAT flights intending to operate within the CFMU areas of operation must file a flight plan (inform CFMU ). The flight plan is used when comparing demand and capacity.
Flight Departing from within the ATFCM area of the CFMU to anywhere Departing from an FIR immediately adjacent of the ATFCM area of the CFMU, and entering the ATFCM area Departing from an FIR immediately adjacent of the ATFCM area of the CFMU NOT entering the ATFCM area Departing from outside the ATFCM area of the CFMU and outside FIRs immediately adjacent , to anywhere
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Subject to ATFCM measures May be subject to ATFCM measures May be subject to ATFCM measures Not subject to ATFCM measures Not subject to ATFCM measures
Calculated Take Odd Time (CTOT) If affected by Regulation If affected by Regulation Not issued
Not issued
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How are different flights affected?

Departing from within the ATFCM area of the CFMU to anywhere Departing from an FIR immediately adjacent of the ATFCM area of the CFMU, and entering the ATFCM area Departing from an FIR immediately adjacent of the ATFCM area of the CFMU NOT entering the ATFCM area
Departing from outside the ATFCM area of the CFMU and outside FIRs immediately adjacent , to anywhere
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EDDF EDDM LFPG CTOT LIMC
Summer School
RJAA
NO CTOT
CTOT DTTA NO CTOT OEJN
DTTA
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The process of filling a flight plan through to the issuing of a CTOT

Flight plan filled and processed
Summer School
1 2
Capacity / demand is compared and resolved
2.a
Match capacity to demand (with FMP).
2.b
Match demand to capacity without Regulation ( with FMPO and/or AO).
YES
Adjust Sector Configuration ?
YES
Level capping?
NO
YES
Coordinate a temporary increase of capacity?
NO YES NO
Re-routeing of traffic flows or individual flights?
3
CFMU informs Customers of ATFCM measures and CTOT
NO
4 END
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END
CFMU monitors and refines ATFCM measures/CTOT
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Flight plan filled and processed
Summer School
AOs
Flight Plan
CFMU
Flight Data Operations Flight Data Operations
Syntax, Routing Checked in IFPS

Yes
ACK Message
ATC Units involved
Flight Plan
OK?
No Manual Change
Flow Management Operations
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ACK Message
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Match capacity to demand
Summer School
CFMU
Flight Data Operations
Demand
FMPs Capacities Sector configurations

Demand >capacity?
Yes
Match Capacity to demand?
NO
Match Capacity to demand?
AOs
NO
Match demand by Regulation 14/07/2012 49
Match demand to capacity by use of Regulation
Summer School
CFMU
Flight Data Operations Flow Management Operations Yes
AOs & ATC Units

(ATFCM Maeassures)
Regulation Required?
Yes
CTOSs Required?
(CTOTs) Yes
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Issue a CTOT
Summer School
CFMU
Flight Data Operations
Demand
AOs & ATC Units

Monitor situation
ATFCM measures Modified or cancelled? New ATFCM measures required?
AOs & ATC Units

ANM update
Yes
Yes
Yes Yes
New/changed /cancelled CTOT?
Yes
ATFCM messages) 51
SLC
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Operational structure
Summer School
CFMU
Updated flight data
Flight Data
Flight plans
IFPS
AOs
Flight plans
Env. data
RPL
Flight Plat
ENV
Env. data
/
AROs
Updated flight data
Updated sector config & capacities
ATC
Real time flight data
Flow Management
CTOTs % Updates
ANMs & Updates
ETFMS (CASA)
ANMTs % Updates
capacities
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52
ATFCM Phases
ATFCM consists of 4 phases:
Summer School
Phase
Strategic Flow Management Pre-Tactical Flow Management
Time horizon
More than 7 days before the day of the operation During the six days prior to the day of operation Applied on the day of the operation
Output
Network Operations Plan (NOP)
ATFCM Daily Plan (ADP) published via ATFCM Notification Message (ANM) / Network News and via the NOP portal. Updates the daily plan according to the actual traffic, capacity and monitoring values CTOT
Tactical Flow Management
Post Operational Analysis

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Applied following the day of operation.

53
Strategic Flow Management

Traffic Forecasts & Special Events
Planned ATS Route Network Identified Bottlenecks
Summer School
ATC Capacities
Research , planning and coordination
Route Availability Document RAD
Possible AIP amendments Routing & Level Capping Scenarios Pre-tactical phase
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14/07/2012
Pre- Tactical Flow Management

From 6 days to 2 days before the day of operation
Summer School
Routing & Level capping scenarios (from strategic phase)
FMPs AOS Flow Management Previous experiences
FMPs Ad hoc special events Data from Reference Day
Assess previous experience & measures taken for a Reference Day
WHAT LESSONS HAVE BEEN LEARNT?

Teleconferences with AOs and ANSPs for certain problematic hours
Identified Critical Areas

Identified likely capacities & optimum Sector Configurations
Identified agreed Routing scenarios
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Pre- Tactical Flow Management

During the 2 days prior to the day of operation
Summer School Sector configurations & capacities Data from Reference Day
FMPs Lessons learnt Predicted sector configurations & Agreed routing scenarios & capacities for day of operation (previous phase)
RAD Route changes for D-day
Formulate pre-tactical plan for day of flight Compare demand (reference day) with available capacity and sector configuration Assess network effects
Refine plan Coordinate with FMPs
Regulations ATFCM Notification Messages (ANMs)

Regulations ETFMS (day of operation)
Information on significant events, including mandatory / advisory routings (network news)

ATFCM Informmation Messages (AIM)
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Tactical Flow Management

During the day of operation
Summer School FMPs ATC
Flight data ATFCM measures From Pre tactical Plan

Flight Plans & updates
AOs
ATFCM messages
Monitor & refine measures further
Updated sector configurations & capacities Updated real time flight data (DEP message, FSA & CPR)
Monitor traffic load vs available capacity + Assess network effects of implemented measures
Calculates Take Off Timeas CTOT ATFCM Messages
CASA Slot Allocation Refine plan Coordinate with FMPs
CTOT Updates
Suggested rerouting and level capping
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Improvements deteriorations or cancelations)
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The slot allocation process

FLIGHT PLAN
Summer School
Affected by Regulation?
FPL- AFR3436-IS-E135/M-SRYW/sLFML1635-M976F310 MTL UN854 ETREK UN 871 KUDES T163 PSAEDDF0125)
YES Identify the most penalizing regulation
Pre allocate slot based on this regulation
Estimated Off Block Time ( EOBT) = 16:35 Aerodrome Taxitime = 10 Minutes Estimated Take off Time (ETOT) = EOBT + taxitime =16:45
Improve or change requested

YES
ISSU CTOT
CTOT= EOBT+ taxi time + delay
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CTOTs and updates
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FLIGHT PLAN
Summer School
Estimated Off Block Time ( EOBT) = 1635 Aerodrome Taxitime = 10 Minutes Estimated Take off Time (ETOT) = EOBT + taxitime =1645
4 3 2 1 Initial flight profile 5 6 7

ETOT 16:45
ETOT 16:54
ETOT 17:07
ETOT 17:18
ETOT 17:30
ETOT 17:41
ETOT 17:52
SECTOR 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
CAPACITY 40 25 35 40 30 35 40
DEMAND 35 25 30 55 28 33 50

YES
ISSU CTOT
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CTOTs and updates
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FLIGHT PLAN
Summer School

ETOT 16:45
ETOT 16:54
ETOT 17:07
ETOT 17:18
ETOT 17:30
ETOT 17:41
ETOT 17:52
The system looks at the Slot List for sectors 4 and 7 CTOT= EOBT+ taxi i.e. 40/hr. slot are Slot List based on capacity time + delay every 1.5 mins

YES
ISSU CTOT
Sector 4 (X= Slots taken)
X X
17:18 17:21
X
17:24 17:27 17:30 17:33
ETO
Sector 7 (most penalising) CTOTs and updates
X X
17:51 17:54
X
17:57 18:00
ETO
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FLIGHT PLAN
Summer School

ATO 16:45
ATO 16:54
ATO 17:07
ATO 17:18
ATO 17:30
ATO 17:41
ATO 17:52
Actual times
YES ISSU CTOT
Calculated to arrive based on previous ATOS
Current Tactical Flight Model ( FTFM) [-5, +10] minutes CTOT Tolerance
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CTOTs and updates
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Performance Assessment
Summer School
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Punctuality
Summer School
causes of departure delays

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Performance Assessment
Summer School
ATFM slot adherence measures the share of take-offs outside the ATFM slot tolerance window (-5min +10 min). Share of regulated hours with over deliveries in Europe. ATFM regulations avoidable as there was no excess of demand.
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Possible elements for the future of ATFCM
Summer School
1. Explicit representation of uncertainty and mitigate impact via contingency plans

Today, uncertainty is processed informally Planning tends to be single scenario or wait and see
2. Flexible Plans and dynamic adjustments

Robust w.r.t. uncertainties
3. Collaborative TFM and distributed decision making

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Elements for the future of ATFCM
Summer School
4. Trajectory based operations

Take airport to airport user intentions into account
5. Coordination with capacity management (dynamic airspace configuration)

Second half of the demand capacity balancing equation
6. Performance based operations and services

Provision for non uniform services
7. Economic controls
Market based mechanisms for demand control pre-day of operations
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Summer School
Flow Management Balance between Demand and Capacity
Drawbacks
Possible improvements
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67
Flow management
Summer School
Connecting Airport slots and CFMU slots
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Operational planning time phasing

Airport Slots
Airport coordinator considers airlines request and other elements to allocate available airport slots several days)
Summer School ATFM Slots
FPL
Airlines prepare initial FPLs and send RPL
Strategic phase (18/6 months several days)
Airport coordinator introduces airlines modification to airport slots
CFMU compares expected air traffic with ATC capacity to prepare season
Airlines introduce modifications to FPLs
Pre tactical phase ( several days)
Airport coordinator introduces final modifications to airport slots
Airlines introduce modification to FPLs
The ATFM notification messages prepared
Tactical / Operational phase ( day of operation Post Operational phase ( after day 14/07/2012 of operation
Airlines prepare final FPLs taking into account Real Time events
CFMU allocates ATFM slots and monitors air traffic
Actual Flight Plan
Airport coordinator analyses actual use of airport slots to prepare following season
AFTM analyses imbalance and delays to prepare the following pre-tactical and strategic phase
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Summer School
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HALA!

SESAR Research Network

9th -12th July, 2012

HALA! SESAR Research Network

HALA! SESAR Research Network

Two main process Airports

HALA! SESAR Research Network

Two main processes for maximizing use of available capacity

Airport slots allocation

ATFM slots allocation

Two main process

HALA! SESAR Research Network

Airport slots allocation

The FPL management link these two main processes

ATFM Slots allocation

Allocated airport slots

ATFM slots (CTOTs)

Airport Slots - The Building Blocks of Air Travel

HALA! SESAR Research Network

Airport Slots - The Building Blocks of Air Travel

HALA! SESAR Research Network

Airport Slots The Building Blocks of Air Travel

Airport Slots - The Building Blocks of Air Travel

HALA! SESAR Research Network

What is an Air Traffic Slot?

Airport Slots - The Building Blocks of Air Travel

HALA! SESAR Research Network

What is a Coordinated Airport?

Demand <<<< Capacity

Level 2: Schedules Facilitated Airport

Level 3: Coordinate Airport

Demand >>>>>> Capacity

Airport Slots - The Building Blocks of Air Travel

HALA! SESAR Research Network

How many coordinated airports are there in Europe nowadays?

Airport Slots - The Building Blocks of Air Travel

HALA! SESAR Research Network

What is Slot Allocation?

How often are Slots Allocated?

Airport Slots - The Building Blocks of Air Travel

HALA! SESAR Research Network

What is a series of slots?

What is a new entrance?

Airport Slots - The Building Blocks of Air Travel

HALA! SESAR Research Network

Who is the Coordinator?

Examples of coordinators in Europe

HALA! SESAR Research Network

Airport Slots - The Building Blocks of Air Travel

HALA! SESAR Research Network

An what about the Coordination Committee?

Airport Slots - The Building Blocks of Air Travel

HALA! SESAR Research Network

How the process works

HALA! SESAR Research Network

Airports outside the EU: Airline self-regulation using guidelines drawn up

Airports regulated by the EU:

How the process works: Airline self-regulation

HALA! SESAR Research Network

How the process works

HALA! SESAR Research Network

New entrant and regular services priority