Hybrid materials

Inorganic Polymers Particles

Thermally stable Abrasion resistant Weather resistant Chemically inert Rigid

Organic Polymers
Readily processable Good adhesion Flexible Tough

Organic inorganic hybrids

Not physical mixtures but Nanocomposite Properties of hybrids are not merely sum of individual component Subdivision Class I Weak bonds (hydrogen, van der waals bonds) Class II - Strong chemical bonds (covalent or iono-covalent)

Nature combines (bio)organic

and inorganic components at nanometer scale Example: mollusc shells / bone /teeth tissues in vertebrates

Bone the nanocomposite that has been around for millions of years!

Ancient man made hybrid

materials Egyptian inks, green bodies of china ceramics. Used in Maya civilization

Strategies to design functional hybrids

Soft chemistry based routes

Conventional Sol-gel pathways
Low temperature route to inorganic oxides and glasses
Si(OC2H5)4 + 4 H2O
H+ Or OH-

SiO2 + 2 H2O + 4 C2H5OH

HO Si

O Si O

O O O

Si O OH Si

OR RO Si OR
+ OR + H2O/ H / OH O HO HO Si O HO Si O O

Si O O O O O O HO Si Si Si OH O OH O HO Si OH Si

Mild synthetic conditions

Combination of inorganic domains with organic or bioactive molecules

Applications of hybrids
Speciality coatings
Superior abrasion resistance Anti-reflection Tailored refractive indices Protection from chemical agents

(anti-corrosion)

Dental applications
Matrix materials Composites Glass ionomer cements Bondings

Optical applications Incident light Output light Fluorescence

Optical functional particles TiO2, CdS, CdSe, PbS .. Abrasion resistant particles SiO2, Al2O3, ZrO2
Matrix Polymer, Sol-gel glass
Other applications

NLO
Amplified light Scattered light

Structural Materials Catalysts Electronics Magnetic materials Biomedical materials

Synthesis of Inorganic Organic Hybrid Polyimides

REACTION SCHEME:
O O O O O O O N H OH O NH2 O HO (EtO)3Si HN O O O N H OH N H HO O O O O OH NH n N H HO O O + H2N NH2 / H2N O NH2

O
O O O O O OH NH n

O O Pyromellitic dianhydride

(EtO)3Si

NH2

NH2

Paraphenylenediamine

Si(OEt)4/MeSi(OEt)3 O O Si O O O O Si O Si O O O Si O O O HO HN O O O N H OH N H HO O O O O OH NH n

NH2

O Oxydianiline

NH2

Thermal imidization O O Si O O O O Si O Si O O O Si O O O N O O O N O N O O N n O

Property Thermal stability Glass transition Dielectric constant Tensile modulus Tensile strength

PI 558 0C 287 3.4 990 Mpa 90 Mpa

5% TEOS+PI 600 oC 291 2.9 1780 Mpa 85 Mpa

Applications: substrate for flexible PCB Insulating material for high temperature application Microelectronic packaging Coating

Conclusion
Functional materials Hybrid properties Sensors

Hybrids
Nanocomposites
Biomaterials

Responsive materials