INDUSTRIES

To learn about significance of INDUSTRIES. To learn about localisation of INDUSTRIES. To learn about various types of INDUSTRIES. To understand the role of INDUSTRIES in Indian economy.

Introduction
The literal meaning of manufacture is to make by hand. During olden times the goods were manufactured by hands.

MANUFACTURING
The basic principle of manufacturing is to produce more material in a short duration. So, machines were used in manufacturing.

The conversion of raw materials into more useful and valuable fabricated articles with the help of machines is called manufacturing.

INDUSTRIES
Definition : Industries may be defined as a place where the goods are

manufactured by the labors with the help of machines

The production side of business activity is referred as industry. It is a business activity, which is related to the raising, producing, processing or manufacturing of products.

History of industrial development in India

Early man attempted to make tools from stones for his manufacturing. India`s handicrafts such as pottery cotton textiles , articles and wares of bronze were famous through out world.

 In India modern textile industry was started in Bombay in 1854. The world wars encouraged industries like sugar, cement chemical, iron and steel. The new industrial policy was announced in 1991 according to which the government issued licensing for all industries.

Industrial development in India

Localisation of Industries
Raw material. Power. Labor. Transport. Market. Government policies.

Raw material

Most of industries are located near to the sources of raw materials to facilitate the quick transport of raw materials to industries.
Examples : iron and steel industries are located near coal or iron mines. The sugar industries are located near sugar cane producing areas.

Power to run machinery. Power is the basic necessity

Hence the location of some industries are near hide power or thermal power. Examples : aluminum industries are located near the source of power as they consume large amount of power.

Labour
Light consumer goods and agro based industries require more man power so they are located in densely populated areas with skilled and semi skilled workers.

Transport
If the raw materials and finished goods are bulky and heavy then the transport will cost very high.
So that industries like oil industries and refineries are located near ports and railway stations.

Market
It is essential for quick disposal for manufactured goods.
Most of the industries are located nearbig cities where the consumers determine the size of the market.

Government policies
Governments may provide added incentives facilities like power banking transport or even tax concessions.
The enthusiasm and the interests shown by the southern states attract the software industries.

Classification of Industries
The industries are classified industries based on the capital and labour. Nature of raw materials. Sources of raw materials. Ownership.

Agro based industries

Industries that require raw materials from agriculture are called Agro based industries. Egg: cotton textiles industries

sugar industries
vegetable oil industries

Agro based industries

 Industries that depend on minerals for raw materials are called mineral industries.
Eg: iron and steel industries. aluminium industries.

Mineral based industries

cement industries .

Mineral based industries

Heavy industries
Industries which use heavy and bulky raw materials and produce heavy and bulky products are called as Heavy industries.
Eg: iron and steel industries.

Light industries in India

Light industries manufacture light products.
They are also called consumer goods industries Light industries manufacture light products such as electric fans sewing machines.

 The industries which involve huge investments and labour.

They produce goods at large scale. Eg: iron and steel industries.

Large scale industries

Cotton textile industries

 The industries which involve less investments and less labour.

They produce goods at small scale. Eg: packing industries.

Small scale industries

ancillary industries

Cottage industries
The industries carried on primarily with the help of members of the family either as a whole or a part time occupation.
This labour is intensive and traditional industry.

Example : coir making, mat weaving, bamboo works, carpentry etc.

Public sector industries

The industries which are owned by government and public are called public sector industries.
Example: Hindustan aeronautics ltd., BHEL,SAIL,NLC etc. Hindustan machine tools,

Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited

Steel Authority Of India

Hindustan aeronautics ltd.

Private sector industries

The industries which are owned by private capitalist are called private sector industries. Example: Bhajaj auto, reliance industries.

Joint sector industries

The industries which are owned jointly by private firms and the state or its agencies are called joint sector industries.
Example: Gujarat alkalis ltd.,

oil India ltd.,

Joint sector industries

Gujarat alkalis ltd.,

Maruti udhyog limited

Cooperative sector industries

The industries are owned group of people and producer of raw materials used in industries are called co operative sector industries.
Example: sugar factories.

Classification on the basis of Production

Service

Primary

Construction

Industry

Genetic

Manufacturing

Extractive

Primary Industry
Primary industry is concerned with production of goods with the help of nature. It is a nature-oriented industry, which requires very little human effort. E.g. Agriculture, farming, forestry, fishing, horticulture, etc.
Primary industry tends to make up a larger portion of the economy of developing countries than they do for developed countries.

Genetic Industry
Genetic industries are engaged in re-production and multiplication of certain spices of plants and animals with the object of sale. The main aim is to earn profit from such sale. E.g. plant nurseries, cattle rearing, poultry, cattle breeding, etc.

Extractive Industry
Extractive industry is concerned with extraction or drawing out goods from the soil, air or water. Generally products of extractive industries come in raw form and they are used by manufacturing and construction industries for producing finished products. E.g. mining industry, coal mineral, oil industry, iron ore, extraction of timber and rubber from forests, etc.

Manufacturing Industry
Manufacturing industries are engaged in transforming raw material into finished product with the help of machines and manpower. The finished goods can be either consumer goods or producer goods. E.g. textiles, chemicals, sugar industry, paper industry, etc.

Construction Industry
Construction industries take up the work of construction of buildings, bridges, roads, dams, canals, etc. This industry is different from all other types of industry because in case of other industries goods can be produced at one place and sold at another place. But goods produced and sold by constructive industry are erected at one place.

Service Industry
In modern times service sector plays an important role in the development of the nation and therefore it is named as service industry. The main industries, which fall under this category, include hotel industry, tourism industry, entertainment industry, etc.