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Nations
A nation is a people who 1. Share demographic and cultural similarities 2. Possess a feeling of community (mutually identify as a group distinct from other groups 3. Want to control themselves politically and be politically separate Exists because its members want it to exist.
Nations: Community
Perception is critical Most members of a nation will never know others but feel a sense of community anyway We-Group defined by similarity of members but also in terms of how the members differ from other groups or TheyGroups
Nationalism
Second aspect of the traditional political orientation 1. Establishes values about what is good vs. bad 2. Directs adherents on how to act (patriotism) 3. Links together those who adhere to the ideology 4. Distinguishes group from those who are not in group
Nationalism
Connects people through 1. Sentimentality towards homeland 2. Sense of identity and self-esteem through national identification 3. Motivation to help country
Nation-States
Third element in traditional way of defining and organizing world state politically Nation-state combines idea of a nation with that of a state Where a nation exists within the borders of a currently existing state
Rise of Nationalism
Modern Idea Early Nationalism 1. Holy Roman Empire (religion/Latin) 2. Fragmentation after HRE 3. Growth of nationalism intertwined with growth of state and then nation-state 4. Conversion of Anglicanism in England helped spread nationalism to the masses
Modern Nationalism
Emerged around 1700s Growth of emotional attachment to location Growth of Sovereigntyex. American Revolution Ideas of nation implied equality (liberalism) Destroyer of empires
Nation-State Formation
Scenario Two: State is created first and then has to try to forge a sense of common national identity among the people and then with the people to the state. Example: African colonization
Evolution
Nation building and state building not locked in a strict sequential interaction Example: United States
Nationalism in Practice
Myth vs. Reality: Do Nation States really exist? Most states are not ethnically unified Many nations are split by more than one boundary
Patterns of Tension
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Ideal model of One Nation, One State One state, Multiple Nations One nation, multiple States One Nation, No Sate Multiple Nations, Multiples States
Positive Nationalism
In philosophical and historical beginning, positive (idealism) Nationalism promotes democracy. Nationalism discourages imperialism. Nationalism allows for economic development. Nationalism allow for diversity and experimentation.
Negative Nationalism
Growth of militant nationalism Reluctance to help others Exclusionism Xenophobia: fear of others; they-groups Internal oppression External aggression
Self-Determination=Goal
May end many of the abuses of ethnic oppression More problematic in practice Tribalism tendency
Negatives of Self-Determination
Untangling groups Microstates: countries with tiny populations International instability Recognition of new countries?
Future of Nationalism
Demise of nationalism possible but not imminent Will nationalism continue as source of main political identification? Answers Unclear