GLOBAL WARMING

The great global warming .

A PRESENTATION TO KRISHNA KUMAR MANAS JUNE 17, 2012 BY ALOK PANDEY & JAYDEEP DUTTA

Global Warming
an average increase in the
temperature of the atmosphere near the Earths surface and in the troposphere1, which can contribute to changes in global climate patterns

 Burning of fossil fuels (Coal/Crude oil)

Power plants generate electricity

Causes

Transportation-----fuels for transports (E.g. LPG, kerosene, fuel oil) Industrial processes (E.g. manufacture of cement, steel, aluminium)

Causes
Other greenhouse
gases emission
Agriculture Forestry Other land uses Waste management

Example : Using natural gas to cook

CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O

Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere Some infrared radiation is trapped Greenhouse effect

Serious greenhouse effect

Global Warming

How serious the problem is?...

Increase in greenhouse gases

Concentration of greenhouse gases in
the atmosphere is highly increasing by human activities

Leads to the increasing seriousness of global warming

Global surface temperatures

increased about 0.6C/century since the late19th century increased to 2C/century over the past 25 years

Increase in Global temperatures

Temperature difference between different parts of atmosphere

troposphere temperatures (the lowest 8
kilometers of the Earth's atmosphere) collected since 1979 also indicate warming Cooling effect in higher parts of the atmosphere: stratospheric temperatures have been decreasing

NOT globally uniform warming

Warming parts:
North America Eurasia

Cooling parts:
parts of the southeastern U.S.

Increasing temperature extremes

Regions that have temperatures (1-3C)
warmer than the average:
United States Most of the Europe

Regions that have temperatures (1-3C)

cooler than the average:
Australia

Regional Temperatures

Sea level rising

rising at an average rate of 1 - 2
mm/year over the past 100 years

Environmental and Human Effects

Direct Temperature Effects

Increase in average temperature
More extreme heat waves during the summer; Less extreme cold spells during the winter Harmful to those with heart problems, asthma, the elderly, the very young and the homeless

Extreme Events
Extreme Events: Heat waves; Cold waves; Storms; Floods and
Droughts Global warming An increase in the frequency of extreme events

More event-related deaths, injuries, infectious diseases, and stress-related disorders

Climate-sensitive diseases
Increase the risk of some infectious diseases
[particularly that appear in warm areas; are spread by mosquitoes and other insects] E.g. Malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, encephalitis

Algal blooms occur more frequently as

temperatures warm (particularly in areas with polluted waters)

Diseases (e.g. cholera) accompanying algal blooms become more frequent

Air Quality
An increase in the concentration of ground-level ozone

Damage lung tissue

Harmful for those with asthma and other chronic lung diseases

Food supply
Rising temperatures and variable precipitation Decrease the production of staple foods in many of the poorest regions Increasing risks of malnutrition

Population displacement
Rising sea levels Increase the risk of coastal flooding

(Necessitate population displacement)

More than half of the world's population now lives
within 60km of the sea. Most vulnerable regions: Nile delta in Egypt, the GangesBrahmaputra delta in Bangladesh, many small islands, such as the Maldives, the Marshall Islands and Tuvalu.

UV Exposure (Australia)
Skin Cancer
an abnormal growth of skin tissues.

Premature aging
make the skin thick, wrinkled, and leathery

Cataracts
No longer have transparent lenses in their eyes

UV Exposure (Australia)
Other Eye Damages
Skin cancer around the eyes Degeneration of the yellow spot

Suppression of Immunity
Overexposure to UV radiation suppress proper functioning of the body's immune system and natural defenses of skin UV-B radiation weakens the immune system increases the chance of infection and disease

Measures on controlling the problem

Government
* set some laws to limit the amount of pollutants produced by factories * develop the skills of using renewable fuels, e.g. solar energy, wind energy

Measures on controlling the problem

* encourage the factories to replace fossil fuels by renewable fuels, which would not cause environmental pollution * carry out energy saving scheme reduce the pollution produced by burning fossil fuels * build more plants reduce the pollutants e.g. CO2

Measures on controlling the problem

Citizens
* reduce the use of plastic bags as burning plastic emit CH4 * recycle the resources, e.g. plastic

* reduce the use of sprays as CFCs would be emitted out

Measures on controlling the problem

* reduce the use of air-conditioner, which will emit CFCs * use public transportation instead of private cars reduce the pollutants emitted by cars

WILL YOU BE A
ALARMIST OR SKEPTICS?

GLOBAL WARMING ALARM!

HUMANS CREATED IT, THE EFFECTS ARE DIRE AND HUMANS CAN CORRECT IT.

Global warming is a natural phenomenon, and there is nothing realistic that mankind can do to significantly change the global temperature.

COOL IT!

GLOBAL WARMING DOGMA?

There is no discussion, no alternative science, or no weather experts that advocates of man made climate change creating imminent peril for the planet will listen to.

The debate is over!

How Global Warming became common knowledge

The media The schools The politicians The organizations Demonizing the unbelievers An Inconvenient Truth

MEDIA REPORTS ON GLOBAL WARMING

POLAR BEAR PANIC

Polar bears starting to turn up drowned and at some point will become extinct due to global warming.

WHAT YOU DIDNT HEAR FROM THE MEDIA

The world population of polar bears has mushroomed from 5,000 in the 1960s to about 25,000 today. The 2 of the 20 subgroups that are declining live in regions in which the temperatures have been dropping over the past 50 years. The 18 subgroups that have seen an increase live in areas that have been getting warmer. Its just silly to predict the demise of polar bears based on mediaassisted hysteria. The future of polar bears is secure.

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Clearly, any warming that has occurred has not had an adverse impact on polar bear numbers. This is true of the polar bear populations in Alaska, Canada, Russia, and other nations.

GLOBAL WARMING DID IT

The New York Times reported Dec, 23, 2007 As Earth Warms Up, Tropical Virus Moves to Italy. This is a real issue. Now, today. It is not something a crazy environmentalist is warning about.

The New York Times did not report: Italys tropical virus is a result of modern transportation, not global warming.

PROOF OF GLOBAL WARMING

PUBLIC SCHOOLS 3-5TH GRADERS

Humans are heating the earth. Devastation if we dont change the way we live. Polar caps will melt Ocean levels will rise. Droughts, floods, and chaos. Malaria will kill many people. Extinction of plants and animals.

REALITY
Human-caused global warming is a certainty.

BUSINESSES AND CHURCHES CALL FOR ACTION

General Electric will spend $1.5 billion a year to research the emission of greenhouse gases.

United States Catholic Conference of Bishops, National Association of Evangelicals and National Council of Churches, declare:

"Global warming is a universal moral challenge,"

WITNESS GLOBAL WARMING

Greenlands Warming Island

If global warming needed a poster child, here it is.

A CASE FOR THE ALARMISTS

Examining the science

1. Man made CO2 causes it. 2. Computer models predict it will get much worse.

ONE OF THE MOST FAMOUS GRAPHS IN SCIENCE.

It is the scientific basis for the whole anxiety we have about climate change caused by human beings."

carbon dioxide graph by Robert Simmon, NASA temperature graph from NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies

COMPUTER MODELS PREDICT

United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

TEMPERATURE VARIATIONS

US surface temperatures have increased about 0.5 degrees C (0.9 degrees F) per century. Highest temperature in history was 136 degrees F in Libya, 1922 Lowest temperature in history was -128 degrees F in Antarctica, 1983 Max to min was 264 degrees F

US National Climatic Data Center 100 C = 212 F

NO WARMING SINCE 1999

The best measurements of global air temperatures come from American weather satellites, and they show no overall change since 1999. That makes no sense by the hypothesis of global warming driven mainly by CO2, because the amount of CO2 in the air has gone on increasing.

3000 YEARS OF SURFACE TEMPERATURE

TEMPERATURE CORRELATES WITH SOLAR ACTIVITY, NOT CO2

GLACIER SHORTENING UNAFFECTED BY CO2

WHY IS CO2 RISING?

So great are the magnitudes of these reservoirs, the rates of exchange between them, and the uncertainties of the estimated quantities that the sources of the recent rise in atmospheric CO2 have not been determined with certainty.

$64 THOUSAND DOLLAR QUESTION

How does CO2 effect temperature?

The journey to the answer is immensely complex and no one can say absolutely what the effect is.
The greenhouse effect amplifies solar warming of the earth. Greenhouse gases such as H2O, CO2, and CH4 in the Earths atmosphere, through combined convective readjustments and the radiative blanketing effect, essentially decrease the net escape of terrestrial thermal infrared radiation. Increasing CO2, therefore, effectively increases radiative energy input to the Earths atmosphere. The path of this radiative input is complex. It is redistributed, both vertically and horizontally, by various physical processes, including advection, convection, and diffusion in the atmosphere and ocean. When an increase in CO2 increases the radiative input to the atmosphere, how and in which direction does the atmosphere respond?

The IPCC uses a worst-case-scenario hypothesis. Their theory projects a dramatic temperature increase.

Skeptics use experimental evidence with real world data. They conclude that while CO2 has increased substantially, its effect on temperature has not been experimentally detected.

ITS ALL ABOUT THE CLOUDS

Cloudiness varies according to how many atomic particles are coming in from exploded stars. More cosmic rays, more clouds. The suns magnetic field bats away many of the cosmic rays, and its intensification during the 20th century meant fewer cosmic rays, fewer clouds, and a warmer world. Demonstrated the theory in his laboratory in 2006.

CLOUD IMPACT IS GREAT, YET OVERLOOKED BY UNITED NATIONS

If the atmospheres CO2 content doubled, its effect would be cancelled out if the cloud cover expanded by 1%. "All calculations about the greenhouse effect and global warming assume cloud cover isn't changing. But the Danish scientists have demonstrated cloud cover does change. The question of cloud cover, is the most critical unanswered question in the entire global warming debate.

HUMAN CONTRIBUTION TO GREENHOUSE GAS

The total human contribution to the greenhouse effect is around 0.28%. Dr. Wallace Broecker, Columbia University

% of All Greenhouse Gases

% Natural

% man made

Water vapor Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Methane (CH4) Nitrous Oxide (N2O) Misc. gases ( CFC's, etc.) Total

95.000% 3.618% 0.360% 0.950% 0.072% 100.00%

94.999% 3.502% 0.294% 0.903% 0.025% 99.72

0.001% 0.117% 0.066% 0.047% 0.047% 0.28%

COMPUTER MODEL UNCERTAINTIES

HUMAN CONTRIBUTION TO GREENHOUSE GAS

THE SUN IS HOTTER

The Earth is getting hotter because the Sun is burning more brightly

WHATS HAPPENING ON JUPITER?

Some parts of Jupiter are now as much as six degrees Celsius warmer than just a few years ago.

WHATS HAPPENING ON MARS?

Carbon dioxide "ice caps" near Mars's south pole had been diminishing for three summers in a row. A simultaneous rising in temperature on both Mars and Earth suggest that climate change is indeed a natural phenomenon as opposed to being man-made.

WHATS HAPPENING ON NEPTUNES MOON?

"At least since 1989, Triton, Neptunes largest moon, has been undergoing a period of global warming,"

WHATS HAPPENING ON SATURN?

Storms on Saturn indicate a climate change occurring on that planet.

NASA

WHATS HAPPENING ON PLUTO?

Pluto is undergoing global warming. Over the past 14 years, the average surface temperature increased about 3.5 degrees Fahrenheit.

TORNADOES

U.S. National Climatic Data Center

HURRICANES

Hurricane Katrina August 28 2005

THE DEBATE IS OVER

A DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVE

"The scientific debate is over, We're done. Scientific skeptics of man-made catastrophic global warming are bought and paid for by the fossil fuel industry.

2004 - 2007 Only 7% of all published scientists explicitly endorse global warming theory.

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ALARMISTS SAY

SKEPTIC SAYS
Due to natural currents Antarctic, ice is growing, not shrinking. That makes Antarctica a sink, not a source, of ocean water.

Antarctica represents the greatest threat to the globe from global warming, bar none.

ANTARCTICAS COLLAPSING ICE SHELVES

ALARMIST SAY

SKEPTICS SAY

Proof that human activities are propelling a slide toward climate calamity.

Its the wind

Polar wind patterns changed and blew sea ice further south to warmer waters than it normally would Arctic = 3 million square KM- shrinking Antarctic = 16 million square KM growing Net change in ice area +5%

ARCTIC ICE MELT

ALARMIST SAY

Global warming may raise the oceans 23 feet, submerging cities from Sidney to New York.

SEA LEVEL RISE

AN INCONVENIENT TRUTH IS ONE SIDED

Gore emphasized heat-related deaths. By 2050, heat will claim 400,000 more lives, but 1.8 million fewer will die because of cold. Global warming will actually save lives.

MANKINDS EFFORTS WONT MATTER

It is alleged that global warming will cause heat deaths, increase the sea level, make hurricanes more intense, increase flooding, give rise to more malaria, starvation and poverty. And dont forget about the polar bears. The problem with this analysis is that it overlooks a simple but important fact. Cutting CO2 - even substantially - will not matter much with any of the above problems.

GLOBAL WARMING BENEFITS

Thanks to global warming, German sun worshippers may enjoy a cocktail on a Baltic Sea beach in early May

CO2 MAKES TREES GROW FASTER

Arthur B. Robinson, Ph.D., Noah E. Robinson, Ph.D., Willie Soon, Ph.D.

A FINAL QUOTE

Preserving the environment

Conserving energy
Providing for clean air and water Developing alternative forms of power Reducing our dependence on oil Each stands on its own benefits. Let us join together to make them happen. While parts of fighting global warming have benefits that overlap these, let us not delude ourselves into believing we can change the worlds temperature.

SUMMARY

All the planets have experienced global warming, and the earth is no longer warming. Consensus of scientists is a myth. Many reputable scientists believe mankind is not causing global warming.

There is nothing realistic that mankind can do to significantly change the global temperature. Fighting global warming would have a huge price and virtually no impact.

CONCLUSION

"Believe those who are seeking the truth; doubt those who find it.

WHAT THE ICE CORES REVEAL

A 5% CO2 change correlates with a one degree Celsius temperature rise as 650,000year ice core records reveal.

From 1900 to 2006, the world CO2 increased 30%.

Alarmist theory is that CO2 is driving up the temperature at a linear rate. 5% x 6 = 30% CO2 increase 1 degree C x 6 = 6 degree C temperature increase In fact the increase was .5 degrees C between 1900 and 2006.

650,000-years of empirical evidence therefore invalidates the hypothesis of humancaused global warming.

HOW YOU CAN MAKE A DIFFERENCE

U.S. Average Household Energy Consumption: Annual household electricity use: 10,660 kwh / household Annual household emissions: 22,880 pounds CO2 / year Car emissions factor: 11,500 pounds CO2 / car / year

INDIA SCIENTIST SKEPTIC

B.P. Radhakrishna, President of the Geological Society of India:

We appear to be overplaying this global warming issue as global warming is nothing new. It has happened in the past, not once but several times, giving rise to glacial-interglacial cycles.

HURRICANES

There should be no rise whatsoever in potential intensity or frequency of hurricanes due to global warming for the next 150 years.

EDUCATING THE CHILDREN

Schlumberger Excellence in Educational Development (SEED) We know that carbon dioxide (CO2) is increasing in the atmosphere from human activities such as burning of fossil fuels and deforestation. This increase is one of the major factors in global warming. There is no longer any scientific debate about this. The most recent report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has confirmed this.

AN INCONVENIENT TRUTH IS MISLEADING

Implies that changes in carbon dioxide levels preceded changes in global temperature. The opposite is true. Historically, temperature changes have preceded CO2 changes.

Blames global warming for the decline since the 1960s of the

Emperor Penguin population in Antarctica. In fact, the decline took place in the 1970spossibly due to the advent of Antarctic ecotourismand the population has been stable since the late 1980s.

AN INCONVENIENT TRUTH IS SPECULATIVE

Warns that global warming is destroying coral reefs, even though todays main reef builders evolved and thrived during periods when the world was 10-15C warmer than the present.

AN INCONVENIENT TRUTH IS SPECULATIVE

Blames global warming for the severe drought that hit the Amazon in 2005. It is not possible to link the drought to global warming. Blames global warming for the disappearance of Lake Chad, a disaster more likely stemming from a combination of regional climate variability and societal factors such as overgrazing.

AN INCONVENIENT TRUTH IS WRONG

Asserts that a sea-level rise of 20 feet is a realistic short-term prospect. The IPCC predicts the increase in sea level will be one foot.

AN INCONVENIENT TRUTH IS WRONG

Claims that Nairobi, Kenya, was malaria-free until recent global warming. In fact, malaria epidemics were common in Nairobi during the 1920s to the 1940s. The resurgence of malaria in East Africa is due to decreased spraying of homes with DDT.

Claims that climate history from ice cores proves the Medieval Warm Period was tiny compared to the warming of recent decades. If fact, ice cores indicate that several decades of the Medieval Warm Period were warmer than any recent decade.

AN INCONVENIENT TRUTH IS WRONG

Claims that 2004 set an all-time record for the number of tornadoes in the United States. Tornado frequency has not increased; rather, the detection of smaller tornadoes has increased. If we consider the tornadoes that have been detectable for many decades, there is actually a downward trend since 1950.

GLOBAL WARMING DID IT

Plants, and animals in Africa, butterflies in Europe and frogs in Central America are declining. Its not about polar bears anymore. There is some temperature above which everything will go extinct.

BETTER USES OF OUR RESOURCES

While we worry about the far-off effects of climate change, this year: 4 million will die from malnutrition. 3 million will die from HIV/AIDS. 2.5 million people will die from air pollution. 2 million will die from a lack of clean drinking water.
Kyoto model reduce 1,400 malaria deaths. or Save 180,000 malaria deaths with mosquito nets and medication

THE END

THANK YOU
ALOK PANDEY 10081211 BATCH---8 SEM----5 JAYDEEP DUTTA 10081224 BATCH---8 SEM---5