The Balangay System

DATU
Council of elders

people
In the Balangay system, the DATU has all three powers of the government : exec., leg. & jud. powers. The council of elders serves as the advisers of the datu. In the present Barangay system, although the Brgy Chairperson still has the three governmental powers, his powers are limited as there already is a national govt that controls the LGU.

 The Biak-na-Bato Republic was established after Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo declared Philippine independence from Spain. He established a dictatorial govt based on the Biak-na-Bato Constitution that established a strong executive over the legislative body. He declared himself a dictator, and after 10 days, he established the First Philippine Republic utilizing the Malolos constitution.

FIRST PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC

The Malolos Constitution is hailed as the first initiative not only in the Philippines but even in Asia for a democratic republic. It provided for a Revolutionary Government with a powerful legislature over the executive. Had the most liberal policy of decentralization and administrative authority.

FIRST PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC

The President
Revolutionary Congress
(As the assembly of representatives from all provinces)

Local Government : Provinces Municipalities Barangays

 It was while the Malolos Congress worked on the constitution that the Treaty of Paris of December 1898 was signed, without the participation of the Filipinos. Treaty of Paris ceded the Philippines as a Spanish colony to the United States.

Filipino Resident Commissioner

COMMONWEALTH GOVT
THE PHILIPPINE PRESIDENT
SENATE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT

THE COMMONWEALTH GOVT

Through the influence of the Americans, the presidential system and republican form of govt had been adopted in the 1935 Constitution, anchored on the political philosophy and ideology of democracy, with the underlying principle of separation of powers and checks and balances.

1935

THE THIRD REPUBLIC

CONGRESS : Senate House of Representatives
PHILIPPINE PRESIDENT

SUPREME COURT & Inferior Courts

VICE PRESIDENT

PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT

MANUEL L. QUEZON (1935-1944)

On executive control and administrative performance, Quezon steered the passage of the National Defense Act. His theme was social justice for the poor and for the tenants. He sought to combat electoral fraud and graft, and insisted on judicial integrity. He reorganized the bureaucracy and introduced improvements in health, education and public works, as well as planning for economic development.

SERGIO OSMEA (1944-1946)

Pres. Osmeas government organized the Peoples Court to try cases against top national leaders charged for collaboration with the Japanese; reconvened the legislature; conducted the last Commonwealth elections; pursued reconstruction and rehabilitation; and initiated foreign relations.

ELPIDIO QUIRINO (1948-1953)

Quirinos political will to pursue a clean-up of graft and corruption in government met a challenge. His term was beset with the problem of communist insurgency. He suspended the writ of habeas corpus to support the counterinsurgency program, for which he was criciticized. However, the success of the military & socioeconomic policies to suppress communism was attributed to Ramon Magsaysay, who won the next elections.

RAMON MAGSAYSAY (1953-1957)

As president, Magsaysay continued to put down communism and press on his convictions for democracy to succeed programs for the people, especially for the poor, by opening the Malacaang to the people and created the Presidents Complaint and Action committee to make the people feel close to the government. He worked at rural development, and stressed high moral standards for the cabinet and the bureaucracy to gain back the peoples faith in the government. He paid attention to local government with the election of barrio councils.

DIOSDADO MACAPAGAL (1961-1965)

His presidency is remembered for his socioeconomic and agricultural policies; and foreign policies toward Southeast Asian states through MAPHILINDO. He attempted to professionalize the bureaucracy. He also set-up the Anti-Graft committee. He also embarked on the economic policy of decontrol to accelerate free enterprise but it was seen as the cause of inflation (wages cannot match the rising prices). His flagship program was LAND REFORM.

RECAP on the CONSTITUTIONS :

1935

THE PRESIDENT/PRIME MINISTER

NATIONAL ASSEMBLY (unicameral legislature)

SUPREME COURT

1973 Constitution

THE 1987 PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION

LEGISLATIVE Congress Senate House of Reps.

EXECUTIVE President Executive Depts.

JUDICIARY Supreme Court Inferior Courts

Natural born citizen

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