Presented by Abhishek Singh (091007)

INTRODUCTION
In Nov.,1986, an agreement on economic and technical co-operation between the Govt. of India and Govt. of USSR was signed, which interallia included execution of the 2400 MW Tehri Hydro Power Complex comprising 1000 MW Tehri Dam & Hydro Power Plant, 400 MW KoteshwarDam & Hydro PowerPlant and 1000 MW Tehri Pumped Storage Plant.

 THDC, a Joint Venture Corporation of the Govt. of

India and Govt. of U.P., was incorporated as a Limited Company under the Companies Act,1956, in July88, to develop, operate and maintain the Tehri Hydro Power Complex and other Hydro Projects. The Corporation has an authorised share capital of Rs.4000 cr

 The Koteshwar HEP (400 MW) was approved for

implementation by the Government in April2000. Koteshwar Dam, located roughly 22 km downstream of Tehri Dam, forms an integral part of Tehri Hydropower Complex. The project envisages generation of 400 MW of hydroelectric power by constructing a 97.5m high concrete gravity dam at Pindars site. The reservoir thus created will spread for 22 km along Bhagirathi valley. Koteshwar dam is a straight concrete gravity dam.

Switchyard
A switchyard is essentially a hub for electrical power

sources. For instance, a switchyard will exist at a generating station to coordinate the exchange of power between the generators and the transmission lines in the area. A switchyard will also exist when high voltage lines need to be converted to lower voltage for distribution to consumers.

Voltage protection
Voltage protection has the task to protect electrical

equipment against under voltage and over voltage Both operational states are abnormal as over voltage may cause for example insulation problems or under voltage may cause stability problem . There are two elements each available for over voltage protection and under voltage protection.

Current Criterion
Depending on the system, the primary voltage

transformers are arranged either on the supply side or the load side of the associated circuit breaker. These different arrangements lead to different behavior of the voltage protection function when a fault occurs. When a tripping commands is issued and a circuit breaker is opened, full voltage remains on the supply side while the load side voltage becomes zero.

 The digital SIPROTEC 7SJ80 over current protection is

equipped with a powerful microprocessor. It allows all tasks to be processed digitally from the acquisition of measured quantities to sending commands to circuit breakers. The measuring inputs (MI) convert the currents and voltages coming from the measuring transformers and adapt them to the level appropriate for the internal processing of the device. The device provides 4 current transformers and - depending on the modeladditionally 3 voltage transformers. There current inputs serve for the input of the phase currents

Microcomputer System
Apart form processing the measured values, the

microcomputer system (powerful 32-bit microprocessor system) also executed, the actual protection and control functions. They especially include Filtering and preparation of the measured quantities. continuous monitoring of the measured quantities. Monitoring of the pickup conditions for the individual protective functions. Output of control commands for switching devices.

 Communication with SCADA or substation controller

equipment via serial interfaces through the choice of data cable, modem, or optical fibers

Frequency protection
The frequency protection function detects abnormally

high and low frequencies in the system or in electrical machines. If the frequency lies outside the allowable range, appropriate actions are initiated, such as load shedding or separating a generator from the system. Decrease in system frequency occurs when the system experiences an increase in the real power demand, or when a malfunction occurs with a generator governor or automatic generation control (AGC) system.

 Increase in system frequency occurs e.g. when large

blocks of load are removed from the system, or again when a malfunction occurs with a generator governor. This entails risk of self-excitation for generators feeding long lines under no-load conditions.