Prsented By REVATHI BANU

Introduction Project objectives and motivations Communication System Structured Redundancy Forward Error Correction Turbo decoding Abstract Existing System Existing System Disadvantage Proposed System Proposed System Advantages Block Diagram And explanation Application Conclusion

 TURBO codes have received considerable attention in providing

reliable communication links. They nd applications in 3rd Generation, digital video broadcasting return channel via satellite (DVB-RCS), IEEE 802.16 and other communication standards Simulations of turbo codes to evaluate their error performance in the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) region is highly time consuming. The performance of turbo codes over fully interleaved and exponentially correlated Rayleigh fading channels has been investigated in

 Motivation Can we have error free communication as much as possible. Objectives Studying channel coding Understanding channel capacity

Ways to increase data rate

Provide reliable communication link

 Structural modular approach Various components Of defined functions

Formatting Digitization

Source Coding

Channel Coding

Multiplexing

Modulation

Access techniques

send receive

Input word k-bit

Channel encoder

Output word n-bit

codeword
Redundancy = (n-k) Code rate = k/n Code sequence

 Turbo coded data transmission over a hybrid channel, consisting

of parallel free space optical (FSO) and radio frequency (RF) links, is considered, and analytical bit error performance results are derived. In this paper, we are going to develop BER analysis of turbo codes for hybrid FSO/RF channels using the transfer function bounding technique. Random and specic codeword bit selection for Transmission through the RF link are considered. Joint optimization of puncturing and RF bit selection patterns also one of the major conept in this application

 First, BER analysis for a turbo coded system that transmits

randomly selected codeword bits through the RF link is derived Second, we present a procedure to analyze BER performance in hybrid channels when specic codeword bits are selected for transmission through the RF link Finally, we present a novel technique to jointly optimize puncturing and RF bit selection patterns.

 Considering the word length in mind we go for this hybrid technique

which be implemented either FSO or RF channels. FSO links have large unlicensed bandwidths but they are more affected by various atmospheric factors, including scattering, absorption, and atmospheric turbulence. Due to limited RF bandwidths, most of the data are transmitted through the dominant FSO link, leaving out only a small fraction to be carried by the RF link.

 Disadvantages

- Photonic NW is a complex system ( a large number of different functions must cooperate for a network such as transmission Routing and Switching Control and management Intractable problem (NP-Complete). Therefore, assumptions and heuristics are used to reduce the process complexity.

 Parallel FSO/RF hybrid channels have been analyzed in using low

density parity check (LDPC) codes. In performance of convolution codes has been studied for hybrid channels, and code design and power assignment criteria are investigated. Our proposed approach utilizes a weight-two input sequence algorithm to reduce the search space. The proposed method can also be used for designing codes in other hybrid channels

 Advantages
Solve the electronic equipment bottleneck Exploit the existing network Support services such as connection on demand

Improves bandwidth (BW) efficiency and source utilization of the network.

RF LINK

SNR VALUE COMPA RISION

ENCODER 1

PUNT URING
OPTICAL LINK SNR VALUE

INTER LEAVER

ENCODE 2

 In Section II, we present the hybrid channel model. In Section III, a BER analysis for the hybrid channel when

randomly selected codeword bits are transmitted through the RF link is presented . Section IV describes BER analysis when specic codeword bits are transmitted through the RF link. Section V presents our idea of joint optimization of puncturing and RF bit selection patterns In Section VI, numerical results showing signicant benets from the turbo coded transmission through the hybrid channel are presented. Section VII concludes our study.

are used extensively in 3G and 4G mobile telephony standards MILITARY AND LAW ENFORCEMENT Can be used to improve the interface in systems that employ multiple trellis-based algorithms.

Applications include

Telephones Internet LANs - local area networks CATV - for video, voice and Internet connections Utilities - management of power grid Security - closed-circuit TV and intrusion sensors Military - everywhere!

Multimedia systems require varying quality of service. QoS Latency

Low latency for voice, teleconferencing Low BER for data transmission.

Bit/frame error rate (BER, FER)

Mobile 3G systems In use in Japan UMTS NTT DoCoMo

Turbo codes : pictures/video/mail Convolutional codes : voice

 Mature, stable, well established and implemented In this paper, we develop BER analysis of turbo codes for hybrid FSO/RF channels using the transfer function

bounding technique. Random and specic codeword bit selection for transmission through the RF link are considered. The exact trade-offs that can be obtained between the optical and RF link SNR values for maintaining a certain error probability are described. Joint optimization of puncturing and RF bit selection patterns is proposed