BLOCK DIAGRAM

SENSORS MICROCONTR OLLER

MOTOR CONTROLLER

LEFT MOTOR

RIGHT MOTOR

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BLOCK DIAGRAM OF 89C51

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89C51

The ATmel 89C51 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 4K bytes of Flash programmable and erasable read only memory (PEROM). The ATmel 89C51 device is manufactured using Atmels high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industrystandard MCS-51 instruction set and 8/15/12 pinout. The on-chip Flash allows the

FEATURES OF 89C51

Compatible with MCS-51 Products 4 Kbytes of In-System Reprogrammable Flash Memory. Endurance 1,000 Write/Erase Cycles Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 24 MHz Three-Level Program Memory Lock
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128 x 8-Bit Internal RAM

PIN DIAGRAM

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PIN CONFIGURATIONS

Vcc pin 40 Vcc provides supply voltage to the chip. The voltage source is +5V. GND pin 20 ground XTAL1 and XTAL2 pins 19,18 XTAL 1: input to the inverting oscillator amplifier and input to the 8/15/12 internal clock operating circuit.

RST pin 9 reset It is an input pin and is active high normally low . The high pulse must be high at least 2 machine cycles. It is a power-on reset. Upon applying a high pulse to RST, the microcontroller will reset and all values in registers will be lost. 8/15/12

EA/Vpp pin 31 external access There is no on-chip ROM in 8031 and 8032 . The /EA pin is connected to GND to indicate the code is stored externally. /PSEN ALE are used for external ROM. For 8051, /EA pin is connected to Vcc. 8/15/12

ALE pin 30 address latch enable It is an output pin and is active high. 8051 port 0 provides both address and data. The ALE pin is used for demultiplexing the address and data by connecting to the G pin of the 74LS373 latch.

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Pins of I/O Port

The 8051 has four I/O ports Port 0 pins 32-39 P0 P0.0 P0.7 Port 1 pins 1-8 P1.7 P1 P1.0

Port 2 pins 21-28 P2 P2.0 P2.7 Port 3 pins 10-17 P3 P3.0 P3.7 8/15/12

Other Pins

P1, P2, and P3 have internal pull-up resisters. P1, P2, and P3 are not open drain. P0 has no internal pull-up resistors and does not connects to Vcc inside the 8051. P0 is open drain. Compare the figures of P1.X and P0.X. 8/15/12

SENSORS

The sensor measures some attribute of the world. The term transducer is often used interchangeably with sensor. A transducer is the mechanism, or element, of the sensor that transforms the energy associated with what is being measured into another form of energy. A sensor receives energy and transmits a signal to a display or computer. Sensors use transducers to change the input signal (sound, light, pressure, temperature, etc.) 8/15/12 into an analog or digital form capable of

Type of Sensors

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Type of Sensors

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I R Sensor

In IR sensor there is emitter and detector. Emitter emits the IR rays and detector detects it. Sensor behavior if there is an object of Blue and Black color

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L293D

The principle of the robot is based on sensing the background surface making use of IR sensor. Basically IR sensor takes input by detecting the reflection of the IR rays from the surface and accordingly gives its output to the motors. The output of the sensors are not directly fed to the motors instead a L293D IC is used in 8/15/12

L293D IC is a dual H-bridge motor driver IC. One H-bridge is capable to drive a dc motor in bidirectional. L293D IC is a current enhancing IC as the output from the sensor is not able to drive motors itself so L293D is used for this purpose. L293D is a 16 pin IC having two enables pins which should always be remain high to enable both the H-bridges.
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PIN DIAGRAM OF L293D

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WORKING MODEL

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ABOUT THE ROBOT

The robot will be a edge avoider robot. Apart from that we will try to incorporate some extra features like finding out the survivor.

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BURNER USED

The burner used is sunrom. It is a full featured low cost programmer. The programmer works on usb ports and can be used with laptops. It comes with a full featured sotware which allows batch programming and saves time. It is compatible most versions of window-98/2000/XP/vista/7.
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Multipurpose robotic system

Functions

more functions will be added during the development phase Movement Click to edit Master subtitle style Edge avoiding

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Progress till now. Date: 1/2/12 -----Topic selection

Multipurpose robotic system Date:4/2/12 ----- Selection & procurement of Microcontroller AT89C51 & AT89S51 Date:8/2/12 ----- Test of 8051 programmer Programmer used:--USB LOW COST 8051 Programmer for Atmel 89XXX series ----- Tested on 64bit windows 7 system ----- IC detection failed

Date:22/2/12 -----Programmer tested on 32bit windows XP/7

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----- Detection

failed

Date: 10/3/12 ----12MHz Quartz Crystal was procured. ---- Its used for frequency stabilization of the clock signal of the microcontroller. Date:13/3/12 -----The DEMO program that was burnt successfully on 6th March12 was implemented on bread board. Result : LEDs did glow !!

Note: The days that are not mentioned here, 8/15/12 were utilized in the study of the instructions of

Video showing LED glow

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