Introduction to Grid computing

Sunil Avutu Graduate Student Dept.of Computer Science

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Grid Computing
Topics to be addressed in this Presentation
What

is Grid Computing? Features of Grid Computing Early Grid Activities Current Grid Activities Layered Grid Architecture Grid Architecture and Other Distributed Technologies Conclusion

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A Typical Grid Computing Environment

Grid Information Service

Grid Resource Broker

R2

R3 RN

database

Application R4

R5 Grid Resource Broker R6

R1

Resource Broker

Grid Information Service

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Grid Computing:
idea of grid was brought by Ian Foster, Carl Kesselman and Steve Tuecke in the year 1970. emerging computing model that distributes processing across a parallel infrastructure.

subset of distributed computing

internet=network of communication grid computing=network of computation

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Features of Grid Computing:

offers Information Technology as a Utility design goal of solving bigger problems

provides multi user environment

involves sharing heterogeneous resources

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Early Grid Activities

Earlier Grid Computing efforts were aligned with the overlapping functional areas:
Data and Computation Functional Data Requirements for Grid Computing: efficient data transfer mechanisms data caching and/or replication mechanisms data discovery mechanisms data encryption and integrity backup/restore mechanisms
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Early Grid Activities(Contd)

Functional Computational Requirements for Grid Computing: mechanisms to select resources Understanding of current and predicted data loads

failure detection and failover mechanisms

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Current Grid Activities:

Fig 1 : Dynamic benefits of coordinated resource sharing in a virtual organization.

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Concept of Virtual Organization(VO)

a dynamic set of individuals and/or institutions defined around a set of resource-sharing rules and conditions all VOs share some commonality

conditional, time bound and rules driven resource sharing

dynamic collection of individuals

sharing relationship among participants is peer to peer

assigning users, resources from different domains
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Layered Grid Architecture

Fig 2: The layered Grid architecture and its relationship to the Internet protocol architecture
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Layered grid Architecture (Contd)

Fabric Layer : interface to local resources fabric layer defines the resources that can be shared E.g.. computational resources, data storage, networks, catalogs A resource can be a Physical resource or a logical resource A logical resource can be implemented by their own internal protocol basic capabilities associated with the integration of resources: provide an inquiry provide appropriate resource management

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Layered grid Architecture (Contd)

Connectivity Layer: Manages communications
defines core communication and authentication protocols

Authentication solution for Vos:

single sign on: any multiple entities in the grid fabric to be authenticated once Delegation: ability to access a resource under the current user permissions

Integration with local resource specific security solutions

User-based trust relationships
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Layered grid Architecture (Contd)

Resource Layer :sharing of a single Resource controls the secure negotiation, initiation, monitoring, sharing of operations across individual layer. Two primary classes of resource layer protocols Information Protocols

Management Protocols
negotiating access to a shared resource performing operation on a resource & monitoring the status of operation

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Layered grid Architecture (Contd)

Collective layer: coordinating multiple resources responsible for global resource management Common collective services in a Grid Computing system Discovery services Co allocation ,scheduling Services Community accounting and Payment Services

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Layered grid Architecture (Contd)

Application Layer: User-Defined Grid Applications

user applications constructed by utilizing the services defined at each lower level
each layer in the Grid Architecture provides a set of APIs and SDKs for the higher layers of integration

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Grid Architecture and Other Distributed Technologies

Like the Web, grid computing keeps complexity hidden: multiple users enjoy a single, unified experience. Unlike the Web, which mainly enables communication, grid computing enables full collaboration toward common business goals.

Like peer-to-peer, grid computing allows users to share files.

Unlike peer-to-peer, grid computing allows many-to-many sharing not only files but other resources as well.

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Grid Architecture and Other Distributed Technologies

Like clusters and distributed computing, grids bring computing resources together. Unlike clusters and distributed computing, which need physical proximity and operating homogeneity, grids can be geographically distributed and heterogeneous. Like virtualization technologies, grid computing enables the virtualization of IT resources. Unlike virtualization technologies, which virtualize a single system, grid computing enables the virtualization of vast and disparate IT resources.
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Conclusion
Grid computing provides a framework and deployment platform that enables resource sharing, accessing, aggregation, and management possible to share resources across organizations, including different companies, even in different countries. Grid services represent a convergence between highperformance computing and Web services

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References:
1)Grid Computing by Joshy Joseph,Craig Fellenstein ( IBM Press)

2) Grid Computing for Developers by Vladimir Silva

3) http://grid.org/home.htm 4) http://www.gridcomputing.com/ 5) http://www.gridcomputingplanet.com/

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Thank You

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