PLATE TYPE HEAT EXCHANGERS.

B.POWER ENGG.(IIIrd YEAR-2011)

Presented By: Tarun Gupta(17)&Arijit Bhattacharjee(14)

INTRODUCTION TO HEAT EXCHANGERS

The heat exchangers are devices which facilitate transfer of heat from one fluid to anothere with/ without mixing with each other.It includes means of heat transfer like Convection in each fluid and Conduction if multiple fluids are separated through walls. Many factors are taken into consideration when choosing exchangers: Minimum size, min. weight, economically viable, highly efficient, min. initial cost, longevity, max. heat transfer rate and area

ASSUMPTIONS OF HEAT EXCHANGERS

No stray losses. Steady state condition. Specific heat capacities are constant. Axial conduction neglected. Kinetic and potential energy changes neglected. No heat losses due radiation from outer surface is assumed. U for heat exchanger is constant. There is phase change during heat exchange.

CLASSIFICATIONS OF HEAT EXCHANGERS

Depending on the size,shape,surface,geometry and flow arrangements the Heat exchangers are divided into various categories. Depending on flow direction: Parallel type flow Counter type flow Cross type flow

Types of heat transfer surface: Finned surfaces Unfinned surfaces Depending on conduit geometry: Tubular Shell and Tube type Plate type

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP

OVERALL HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT

This is a very important term while dealing with heat exchangers: Overall heat transfer coefficient is the inverse of total thermal resistance to the heat transfer taking between two fluids.It generally considers various heat transfer processes like convection,conduction and acounts for fouling in the system also*(Neglected here)

qavg= U(A T ) 1/U=1/ hh + 1/hc +l/k

OPERATING PROCESS

ADVANTAGES
Compactness Flexibility Very high heat transfer coefficients on both sides of the exchanger Close approach temperatures and almost fully counter-current flow Ease of maintenance. Heat transfer area can be added or subtracted with out complete dismantling the equipment

SAMPLE CALCULATIONS
Given Data: Number of plates:21 No. of hot plates=11 No. of cold plates=11 Width of each plate=78mm Gap between plate=0.4mm Correction factor=0.95

TERMINOLOGY USED FOR CALCULATIONS

Thi=Temp. of the hot fluid in Tho=Temp. of the hot fluid out Tci= Temp. of the cold fluid in Tco= Temp. of the cold fluid out c=Density of cold and h=Density of hot fluid Qh and Qc =Volumetric flow rate of hot and cold fluid respectively H=Height of plate W=Width of plate B=Gap. between plates Ac=Cross sectional area of plate P=Perimeter of plate n=No. of plates mh=Mass flow rate of hot fluid and mc=Mass flow rate of cold fluid uh= Hot fluid velocity and uc =Cold fluid velocity Reh = Reynlolds number dhyd = Hydraulic diameter ch=sp.heat of hot fluid and cc=sp.heat of cold fluid qh=heat given up by hot fluid and qc=heat absorbed by cold fluid.

OBSERVATION TABLE.
Sl. No.

Thi (C)
44.3 52.8 57.5

Tho (C)
37.7 43.7 48.8

Tci (C)
29 29.5 29.5

Tco (C)
40.7 38.4 36.9

Time reqd. for hot Time reqd. for water per litre(sec) cold water per litre(sec) 36.11 40.26 47.18 48.26 47.2 47.76

1 2 3

Volumetric flow rates of hold&cold fluid: Qh = 10-3/36.11 =3.83*10-5 m3/sec

Qc =10-3/48.26=2.07*10-5

m3/sec Mass flow rates:[using w hot&cold=992,994 kg/m3 respectively]

mh=h *Qh=3.83*10-2 kg/sec mc= c*Qc=2.07*10-2 kg/sec qh =mh ch(Thi - Tho)

= 3.83*10-2*4.18*6.6 =1.058 Kwatt Similarly: qc=1.014 Kwatt We use qavg=[qh +qc ]/2 =1.01474 Kwatt

Velocity of hot fluid

uh =Qh/(nh*W*B)

= 3.83*10-5 (11*.078*.0004) =0.112m/sec

{where nh =11}

dhyd=(4*Ac)/p=(4W*B)/{2(W+B)} Where =(4Ac*)/p=(4W*B)/{2(W+B)} =hydraulic diameter, =viscosity at 40c} =0.0008m Reh=0.112*0.0008/(0.658*10-6 )=136.2 As reynolds number<<2300,the flow is laminar
Using , U=qavg/(A Tlm) A=nHW =21*0.208026*0.078=0.3407 m2 Tlm=F* Tlm,counter =Logarithmic mean temp.difference for counter flow arrangement Tlm,counter=(T2- T1)/(ln T2/ T1) Where, T2=Thi-Tco and T1=Tho-Tci T1=8.7 T2=3.6 Hence Tlm,counter=(3.6-8.7)/ln(3.6/8.7)=5.77 Tlm=0.95*5.77=5.49

Reh=(h* uh*dhyd)/ [Reynolds number]

DATA SUMMARY
U=1.0147*103/(0.3407*5.49)=259.76 W/m2K Similarly for the other two runs the following datas are obtained (*):RUN qh qc qavg Reh (Kwatt) (Kwatt) (Kwatt) 1.058 0.943 0.77 1.014 0.789 0.65 1.0147 0.866 0.71 136.2 98.3 92.2 U (W/m2 K) 259.76 187.17 109.9 Uh (m/sec) 0.112 0.072 0.062

1 2 3

(*)-The physical properties like density,viscosity,thermal conductivity are calculated at[Tmean (C)=40, 48.25, 53 For Run 1 , 2 , 3 respectively.]

GRAPH PLOTS
1/U
0.01 0.009 0.008 0.007 0.006 y = 0.015x - 0.030

1/U

0.005
0.004 0.003 0.002 0.001 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 1/(Uh^1/3) 2 2.5 3

1/U Linear (1/U)

INFERENCE FROM THE GRAPH

We observed that intercept is-ve (c=-0.3)and m(Slope)=0.15. So Nu(Nusselt no.)=Nu =(hh D)/k (i) {All physical prop. are obtained Tmean of 40, 48.25 and 53(C)} Using:

(1/U)=m/(uh) +c ..(ii) =1/3(given) (1/U)= (1/ hh)+c(iii)

and prandtl no.(Prh = Cp/k) for various run:
Sl.no hh Nuh Prh

1
2 3

2406.5
1247.9 732.67

3.528
2.79 2.24

4.32
3.88 3.52

LOG- LOG GRAPH

10

Nu/Pr^0.4

Series1

1 0 20 40 60 80 100 Reynolds number 120 140 160

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Last but not the least, a special word of thanks to the teachers and staff for their ever ready help and guidance without which this task would not be possible: Prof. Amitava Dutta Prof. Apurba Kr. Santra Prakash Sir Bireshwar Sir Mr .Atish Nandi

THANK YOU!!

Thi(C)=42. 2 Tho(C)=40.35 Tci(C)=34.5 Tco(C)=41.8 Qh=.076 3*10-5 m3/sec & Qc=0.019*10-5 m3/sec mh =0.075 mc =0.018 {kg/sec} qh = 582.75 qc = 551.8 qavg =567.315 {kwatt} uh =0.221m/sec Reh =268.58 Tlm =2.03 U=862.77