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Low-Cost High-Performance UAV

DSE Group 13

Content

Introduction Concepts Aerodynamics Flight Performance Autonomy, Communication Structures, Materials Manufacturing Conclusion

Project Objective Statement

Design a low-cost UAV with the emphasis on manoeuvrability and manufacturability with 10 students within 11 weeks.

Mission Need Statement

Monitor an area for wildlife, suspects or cars and chase them when necessary.

Requirements
Rate of climb of 10 m/s for 5 s Maximum speed of 90 km/h Endurance of 1 hour Endurance of 10 minutes at full power Mass < 2 kg At least 75% of recyclable materials The propulsion system must be electrical Turn radius < 5m

Stall speed < 36 km/h

Requirements vs. Market

Zephyr Mass Min airspeed Max airspeed Economic endurance Price (airframe) 2.27 kg 56 km/h 129 km/h 60 min 2,540

Unicorn 1.81 kg 48 km/h 97 km/h 60 min 3,170

Requirements 2 kg 36 km/h 90 km/h 60 min low

CONCEPTS

Concepts
5 concepts: Conventional Double-boom inverted V-tail Prandtl plane Delta Flying wing

Flying Wing Concept

Efficient aerodynamics Thick airfoil Easy takeoff/landing Low weight Robust Easy shape to manufacture Low risk of design

AGILIS

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AERODYNAMICS

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Airfoil Selection

MH78: Reflex airfoil

High thickness
CoG in front of Cp

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Wing Sizing

Paramter Surface Sweep Taper Span Root chord Turbulators

Value 0.48 m2 29 0.44 1.4 m 0.45 m

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http://www.wallpapersonly.net/wallpapers/sukhoi-su-26-single-seater-aerobatics-plan-1440x900.jpg

FLIGHT PERFORMANCE

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Elevons - Landing Strips

Elevons: Ailerons and elevators 71% of the half-span

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4 Aramid strips

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Control Surface Actuation

Completely in wing Provide deflection Tape as hinge

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Turn Performance

Best level turn: 5 m radius and 2 s Immelmann turn within 1.6 s

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Motor/Propeller/Controller Sizing

Max 220 W of propulsive power (draws 400 W from battery) Climb rate 14 m/s

Efficiency 55 % - 79 %

http://www.scorpionsystem.com/ http://www.hitecrc.de/store/product.php?productid=21413&cat=330&page=1 http://www.mikrokopter.us/shop/image/cache/data/small_parts/TP500025c-500x500.jpg

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Battery Sizing

LiPo battery, 66.6 Wh

10 min at max speed

72 min of economic flight endurance

http://androidspin.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/battery.jpg

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Electronics View

http://www.scorpionsystem.com/ http://www.hitecrc.de/store/product.php?productid=21413&cat=330&page=1 http://www.mikrokopter.us/shop/image/cache/data/small_parts/TP500025c-500x500.jpg

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AUTONOMY AND COMMUNICATION

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Communication
For telemetry: One antenna inside AGILIS, two in ground station 18 km downlink 9 km uplink For video: 3G antenna in UAV and on ground Limited by 3G coverage

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Tracking Demo

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STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS

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Transportability
Beams and magnets Click and fly Easy access to batteries

70 cm
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45 cm

Flight Loads

Up to load factor of 5.5 in turn Up to 27 N of drag

50% safety factor

8.25 ultimate load factor

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Structural Analysis
Created a model to estimate: Normal stresses Shear stresses Deflections Twist
Sandwich structure best for stiffness, durability with average weight

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Materials Choice
GFRP GFRP as skin of the sandwich EPP foam as core of the sandwich PET CFRP for the hollow beams PET for the fairing

CFRP EPP foam

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Structural Analysis
Level Flight Vertical Tip Deflection [mm] Twist at Tip [deg] Max Stress in Skin [MPa] 0.5 0.0006 2.3 Ultimate Load 6.3 0.67 18.2

Max Stress Core [Pa]

86

2000

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MANUFACTURING

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Production Process
Hot wire cutting Laminating Milling Glueing Final assembly of payload

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Sustainability
Electric Propulsion 75% Recyclable Materials Substitute for Helicopters or Cars 1,000 Flight Cycles

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CONCLUSION

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AGILIS vs. Market

Zephyr
Wing Span Mass Min airspeed Max airspeed Economic endurance 1.52 2.27 kg 56 km/h 129 km/h 60 min

Unicorn
1.52 m 1.81 kg 48 km/h 97 km/h 60 min

AGILIS
1.4 m 1.43 kg 27 km/h 115 km/h 72 min

Max speed endurance

Price (airframe)

2,540

3,170

10 min
1,640

(cost + 100%)

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Project Objective Statement (POS)

Design a low-cost UAV with the emphasis on manoeuvrability and manufacturability with 10 students within 11 weeks.

Mission Need Statement (MNS)

Monitor an area for wildlife, suspects or cars and chase them when necessary.

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Recommendations
Wind tunnel test Prototype Detailed structural analysis Launch holes

http://www.plasticsportal.net/wa/plasticsEU~en_GB/function/conversions:/publish/common/images/n ews_images/2011/11_362_large.jpg

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Future Plans
Build prototype in summer Demonstrator for UAV competition

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We might see it flying like this one day!

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