Good Morning

Indian Agriculture After Independence

Presented by:Nakul Jain Nazreen Bano Neelam khasyup Namrata Saxana

Agenda : Introduction Agriculture Policy in India Green Revolution Export And Import Problems Conclusion

Introduction
Agriculture plays an essential role in the process of
economic development of India. Besides providing food to nation, agriculture releases labour, provides saving, contributes to market of industrial goods and earns foreign exchange.

Indian Agriculture has made rapid strides since independence

From food shortages and import to self-sufficiency and exports.
From subsistence farming to intensive and technology led cultivation. Today , India is the front ranking producer of many crops in the world. Ushered in through the green, white, blue and yellow revolutions.

Indian Agriculture

India is regarded as the 3rd largest country in the agricultural sector after China and canada.
Indian agriculture contributes almost 25% to the GDP after the independence. It provide employment to almost 60% of the rural population. The agricultural sector of India has occupied almost 43 percent of India's geographical area.

AGRICULTURE POLICY IN INDIA

First phase considered from 1947 to mid sixties,

Second phase considered period from mid-

sixties to 1980,
Third phase included period from 1980 to 1991, Forth phase includes period from 1991/92 onwards.

First phase (1947-60s)

Development

of major irrigation project Strengthens of cooperative credit Institution Giving land titles to the actual cultivators Abolition of intermediaries

Second Phase (1960-1980)

High-yielding

varieties of crops Multiple cropping The package approach Modern farm practices Spread of irrigation facilities

Third Phase (1980-1991)

The next phase in Indian agriculture began in early 1980s. This period started witnessing process of diversification which resulted into fast growth in non- food grains output like milk, fishery, poultry, vegetables, fruits etc which accelerated growth in agricultural GDP during the 1980s.

Fourth Phase (1991 onwards)

The fourth phase of agricultural policy started after initiation of economic reform process in 1991. Economic reforms process involved deregulation, reduced government participation in economic activities, and liberalization.

Green Revolution
The Green Revolution is referred to the period between 1967 to 1978.The population was growing faster than the rate of food grain production at that period. The government realized the need for dramatic improvement in food grain production. This resulted in the Green Revolution.

Contribution Of Green Revolution

Continuous Increase Of Farming Areas. Double Cropping Existing Farmland. Using genetically modified seeds Provision Irrigation facilities Use of insecticides and pesticides Agricultural credit system Opening of Agricultural Universities and Research Centers Rural electrification

Export
The agriculture sector has been playing a key in the composition of Indian exports. The share of agricultural exports, which constituted more than 30 percent of the total exports from the country during 1970-71 and 1980-81. The list of major destinations to which Indian agricultural products are exported includes Netherlands. Bangladesh, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, UAE, Pakistan,Uk etc.

In 1990-91 agricultural exports constituted about 18 percent of the total exports which in 2000-01 went down to 14 percent. In 2003-04 agricultural exports constituted only 12.4 percent of all exports.

Not only the share of agricultural exports in the total merchandise exports has come down steadily over the years but the share of agricultural exports in agricultural GDP has also declined from 7.6 percent in 1995-96 to 6.3 percent in 2001-02 and recovered to 6.9 percent in 200304 .

The Statistics
Exports (in 2010) Exported goods $465 billion

Rice Pulses Fruits Milk and Products Edible Oils Sugar Cereals etc.
Netherlands Bangladesh Malaysia Sri Lanka UAE Pakistan, Uk etc.

Main Export Partners: (in 2010)

IMPORT

Import Report

Indias agricultural imports have displayed extreme fluctuations, with sudden surge in imports during the mid 90s.
The percentage share of agricultural imports in total imports also has shown very high volatility, having moved in the range of 28 per cent to less than 2 per cent during the same period.

In recent years agricultural imports have grown at a relatively high rate of about 23, 22 and 27 per cent in 2001-02, 200203 and 2003-04 respectively. In recent years, imports of only two items, namely, pulses and edible oils have recorded consistently high volumes. There has also been a sharp increase in imports of cotton, raw wool and rubber.

The Statistics
Imports (in 2010) $286 billion

Imported goods

Tea Coffee Fruits and Nuts Edible Oils Sugar Roots and Tuber etc.
Nepal Bangladesh Sri Lanka USA Pakistan, China etc.

Main Import Partners: (in 2010)

Decline in GDP contribution

The contributions of agriculture sector in the Indian GDP are as follows:1990-91 2007 2008 32% 20% 19.5%

Reasons:

More emphasize of government policies on industrial growth.

The service sector is blooming and contributing almost 50% to the GDP. Because of the growth of Indian IT and Banking services.

Agricultural land is decreasing.

Lack of agro-biotechnology in India.

Problems In Indian Agriculture

Fragmentation of land
Low Technology Inputs Unsustainable Water Management Poor Infrastructure Low value addition Inappropriate Research Expensive Credit.

5 Steps To Boost Indian Agriculture

Provide incentives. Support the private sectors. Implement the food law. Targeted Foreign buyers. Public Private partnerships.

Conclusion
Agriculture occupies a prominent position in Indian policy-making not only because of its contribution to GDP but also because of the large proportion of the population that is dependent on the sector for its livelihood.