Chemistry Project

Decomposition And Double Displacement Reaction

Efforts By Saksham Gupta XA Roll no. 23 Student id 27/2000

Chemical Reaction
A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the transformation of one set of chemical substances to another. Chemical reactions can be either spontaneous, requiring no input of energy, or nonspontaneous, typically following the input of some type of energy, viz. heat, light or electricity.

Types Of Chemical Reaction

There are basically 6 types of chemical reaction Combination Reaction Decomposition Reaction Displacement Reaction Double Displacement Reaction Oxidation and Reduction Precipitation Reaction In this presentation we will focus on Decomposition and Double Displacement Reaction.

Decomposition Reaction
Chemical decomposition, analysis or breakdown is the separation of a chemical compound into elements or simpler compounds. The stability that a chemical compound ordinarily has is eventually limited when exposed to extreme environmental conditions like heat, radiation, humidity or the acidity of a solvent.

To visualize a decomposition reaction look at the following cartoon:

Examples
2H2O2 2H2O + O2 H2CO3 H2O + CO2 CaCO3 CaO + CO2 2KClO3 2KCl + 3O2

Types Of Decomposition Reactions

There are four types of decomposition reaction: Thermal Decomposition Catalytic Decomposition Photolytic Decomposition Electrolytical Decomposition

Thermal Decomposition
Thermal decomposition, or thermolysis, is a chemical decomposition caused by heat. The reaction is usually endothermic as heat is required to break chemical bonds in the compound undergoing decomposition.

EXAMPLES
Some examples of Thermal Decomposition Reaction are: 2KClO3 + heat 2KCl + 3O2 Water, when heated to well over 2000 C, decomposes to its constituent elements: 2 H2O+ heat 2 H2 + O2 The compound with the highest known decomposition temperature is carbon monoxide at 3870 C (7000 F)

Catalytic Decomposition
In catalysis, the reaction does not proceed directly, but through a third substance known as catalyst. Unlike other reagents that participate in the chemical reaction, a catalyst is not consumed by the reaction itself; however, it can be inhibited, deactivated or destroyed by secondary processes. Many substances such as Platinum , Palladium , Iron are used as Catalyst for decomposition reactions

Examples
A catalyst is added to speed things along. The KI added dissociates into K+ and I-, at which point the I- begins its work. The reaction pathway represented below has a lower activation energy than the straight decomposition represented above: H2O2(aq) + I-(aq) -> OI-(aq) + H2O(l) H2O2(aq) + OI-(aq) -> H2O(l) + O2(g) + I(aq)

Catalytic Converter
Catalytic converters change poisonous molecules like carbon monoxide and various nitrogen oxides in car exhausts into more harmless molecules like carbon dioxide and nitrogen. They use expensive metals like platinum, palladium and rhodium as the heterogeneous catalyst.

Photolytic decomposition
Chemical process by which molecules are broken down into smaller units through the absorption of light This photochemical reaction is used in black and white photography-2AgBr ---- Sunlight ---- > 2Ag + BR 2 photolytic decomposition of silver chloride: 2AgCl --------sunlight---> 2Ag +Cl 2

Electrolytic Decomposition
When electrical energy is needed to decompose a substance , the process is called electrolysis. Generally DC is used for electrolysis of any substance and many substances are obtained by electrolytic decomposition such as Sodium, Hydrogen etc.

Examples
2 H2O(l) 2 H2(g) + O2(g); E0 = +1.229 V 2NaCl+electricity --->2Na + Cl2

DOUBLE DISPLACEMENT REACTION

Double Displacement Reaction

In a double replacement reaction parts of two compounds switch places to form two new compounds. Two reactants yield two products. For example when silver nitrate combines with sodium chloride, two new compounds--silver chloride and sodium nitrate are formed because the sodium and silver switched places. The chemical equation for this double replacement reaction looks like:

reactant + reactant ---------> product + product To visualize a double replacement reaction look at the following cartoon:

examples
This is a reaction in which the positive and negative ions of two substances in a solution are mutually interchanged.