TESTING OF NANO-FINISHED FABRIC, NANO FIBERS.

Submitted to:Er.Sachin Kumar

INTRODUCTION

Nanotechnology is defined as The precise manipulation of individual atoms and molecules to create layer. One nanometer is one billionth of a meter. Most significant and recent concerns in the world . Utilization can be categorized into two main areas:1.application of nano fibers 2.application of nano-particles in different domains. Nanotechnology means any technology done on a nano scale. Aim of the nano finishing is the precise manipulation of an individual atoms and molecules to create a structure.

REMARKABLE ACHIEVEMENTS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY

improving the water-repellent property of the fabric. imparting anti-static properties of textile . increasing the surface energy & thus giving a very high particle retention to filters by the usage of nano fibrous webs on them. Advances the wrinkle resistance of cotton and silk respectively. nano-sized TiO2 and ZnO in order to absorb and scatter UV radiation Anti-bacterial properties can be imparted by using nano-sized

TESTING OF NANO-FINISHED FABRIC

NANO-SILVER FINISHED FABRIC

AIR PERMEABILITY:Ten different areas of the specimens is subjected to air stream of 100pa pressure. Area subjected=1cm2 WRINKLE RECOVERY:Fabrics exposed to force (20N) for 1 minute & then the angle of recovery in each specimen was measured after one minute in both weft and warp directions BREAKING STRENGTH:Accomplished by Instron strength tester . Five fabric strips in both warp and weft directions were subjected to the load and then the average force is expressed as the fabric breaking strength

BREAKING ELONGATION E% = [(L- L0) / L0] *100 Where L0 is the initial length of strip (20cm) L is the length of strip at breaking point, and E% is the breaking elongation speed of jaws was set to be 5 cm/min. BENDING LENGTH Length of fabric which causes it to bend at a given angle due to its weight is defined as fabric bending length. C = L . F(_) where L is fabric strip length and C is the bending length, F(_) is: F(_) = [cos(_/2) / 8 * tag(_)]1/3 Five strips in both warp and weft directions have been tested and bending length at the angle of _ = 41.5 was measured. Bending rigidity is a value which represents the fabrics resistance to bending. . G = W . C* 103 where W is the fabric unit area weight (gr/cm2) & G is the bending rigidity Bending modulus is the Maximum stress per unit area that a specimen can withstand without breaking when it is bent. B = (12 * G *10-6) / t

CATIONIC NANO-MOLECULAR FLUORO-POLYMER (CNFP) FINISHED FABRIC TESTING

Performance testing WATER REPELLENCY The AATCC 22-2001 ,spray test:- a measured volume of water was sprayed onto the fabric surface and the degree of wetting of the upper and lower surfaces of the fabric was assessed. OIL REPELLENCY THE AATCC 118-2002, Hydrocarbon resistance test:wetting by a selected series of liquids with differing surface tension was determined AIR PERMEABILITY For air permeability and WVT, the SANS 5265:2002, Air Permeability of Textile Fabrics, an airflow test method, using a WIRA Air Permeameter, and FNM 817 (1999).

NANO-LOTUS FINISHED FABRICS TESTING

Kawabata evaluation system(KES)

Tactile characteristics, such as tensile, shear, bending , compression , surface friction , variation in roughness , and air resistance were evaluated. Thermal properties Thermal insulation value (TIV) measured on thermo-labao model as per ASTM D1518-85 standard procedure. Degree of whiteness CIE whiteness index(WI) of fabric were recorded under premier spectrophotometer color scan(model SS 5100A).

Water repellency test

Ten fabric samples (20cm*20 cm) for each conc. Of finish The initial weights of the fabrics were recorded and known quantities of water droplets were allowed to fall on the fabric samples and their final weights were measured.

Soil release test

Ten samples (5cm*5cm) for each con. Of finish taken These fabrics were soiled with charcoal-machine oil paste. Out of the ten samples treated with 15 gpl finish conc. , five samples were subjected to soaping for a period of 90 min. after soaping ,the fabric were rinsed, washed, dried and compared with soiled cotton fabric samples as per AATCC 130-1981 standards.

NANOFIBER
The extremely small fiber size and low mass of nanofiber composites makes measurement very difficult. Non contacting optical methods are not effective because the wavelength of the light used is greater than the diameter of the nano fibers. Large-scale production of nanofiber composites requires unique quality control (QC) methods.

MEASUREMENT OF UNIFORMITY OF NANO FIBER DISTRIBUTION

The layer of nanofibers in the composite has low solidity, low thickness, is extremely light weight, and has small fiber size. To measure uniformity of nano fiber distribution an online web filtration efficiency test method and on-line efficiency monitor were invented and patented. The test system uses two conventional laser particle counters with the addition of a specialized sampling head. The sampling head incorporates an air curtain effect to allow efficiency measurements at speeds up to several hundred feet per minute

ON-LINE EFFICIENCY MOTOR

Includes a source of clean air (250 cm), a source of aerosol, upstream and downstream particle counters, sampling head, and a PC that collects and analyzes data and controls the

AUTOMATED FIBER SIZE

Routine sampling and measurement of fiber size and fiber size distribution are done using SEM. SEM image is first cropped to a desired size . The calibration bar from the SEM image is used to set the number of pixels per micron. Next, the program converts the image to black and white using a gray scale function. The black (non-fiber) areas are sorted according to size Fiber size measured automatically by knowing

ACCELERATED ENVIRONMENTAL RESISTANCE TEST

Many nanofiber composites used in filtration are exposed to hot, humid, and aggressive environments so, fiber resistance to such environments becomes a vital element of their performance To conduct such analysis measure the filtration efficiency of the nanofiber filter material & then soak it in hot water for 5 minutes, dry, and measure the efficiency again. Likewise, we can measure the resistance of composites to aggressive chemical environments including solvent vapors and oils

DL BENDING TESTER

First a sample is secured in the tester and positioned in the optical microscope. A motor then bends and extends the sample around a cylinder with known diameter The angle of stretch is measured using the scale on the apparatus. Camera mounted on the microscope sends a dynamic image to monitor to observe the sample throughout the test. The first sign of relative movement between components of the composite structure is an indicator of critical strain An operator records what kind of movement occurred and angles of the first destruction in the nanofiber layer, full destruction of nanofiber layer, and full destruction of the composite& gives the measure of stability of the structure