OBJECTIVE

To understand the stress, strain and the concept of 'Hooke's law' for the modulus of elasticity values and to sketch the graph.

Other OBJECTIVE
Hooke's law states. Describes the mechanical properties of ductile materials, elastic, plastic and brittle. Define the modulus of elasticity. Calculate the modulus of elasticity of a material by sketching 'graph of load versus elongation' and 'stress strain curve graph'. Labeled on the graph above points that is elastic point, yield point, and the point of maximum stress failure.

DEFINITION
Hooke states that a object will return to the original length after the load applied, removed from it as long as it is within the elastic limit. Hooke state if the substance is charged with not exceeding the elastic limit, the deformation is proportional to the load.
l&P

 Since proportional to the stress load and elongation is directly proportional to the strain, so the stress is directly proportional to the strain.

Stress (

) & Strain ( )

HOOKES LAW CONDITION

Loading axis. Cross-section of the body is fixed or uniform. Body material is homogenous (uniform material properties throughout the body).

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS

Flexible it refers to a material that have high elongation. Elastic it refers to the state of the material back to the original length when the load is removed from it.

 Plastic the ability of a material suffer from excess elongation when tensioned. Brittle brittle materials, substances which suffer from low elongation before fracture without any warning.

MODULUS OF ELASTICITY
Is the ratio between stress and strain. It is also known as Young's modulus. Its symbol is E Unit = N/mm, kN/mm, N/m, kN/m etc.
E= E= /

Replace

= P/A and = / L

 Therefore :

E = PL/ A

YOUNGS MODULUS VALUES

MATERIALS Steel

YOUNGS MODULUS ( GN/m) 200 220

Aluminum
Copper Wood

60 80
90 100 10

STRESS VS STRAIN GRAPH

MODULUS OF ELASTICITY VALUE FROM GRAPH

FORCE VS EXTENSION GRAPH

 Youngs Modulus, E = PL / A E = P/ x L/A E= m x L/A Where , A= cross-sectional area L= length of the sample. P/ = gradient. Gradient , m = y - y / x - x

POSITION OF THE MATERIALS PROPERTIES OF THE GRAPH

FORCE VS ELONGATION GRAPH

 Proportional Limit The end point of the material compliance with the Hookes law. Yield Point Yield limit of elongation occurs without increasing the load. Ultimate Tensile Strength Maximum load applied and critical material elongates until it failed at fracture point Fracture Point material failure.

FINISH