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The early use of computers, most computer programs are marketed in the form of floppy disks However, when there is a problem in which a computer program more complex and require greater storge space,a floppy disk technology is not captable of accommodate again. Optical disk or compact disk was introduced to the market and get more attention from other. Each disc format requires a special driver to enable the reading or writing data to it performed. The drive is also capable of reading data from CD-Audio and CD- Video. CD-ROM can store between 650 and 700 MB is equivalent to 30000 printed pages full of text. It is read only compent.

CD-ROM are popularly use CD to distribute computer software, including games and multimedia applications, though any data can be stored. Some CD hold both computer data and audio with the latter capble of being played on a CD player, while data is only usable on a computer.

CD-ROM discs are identical in appearance to audio CD, and data are stored and retrieved in a very similar manner (only differing from audio CDs in the standards used to store the data). Discs are made from a 1.2 mm thick disc of polycarbonate plastic, with a thin layer of aluminium to make a reflective surface. The most common size of CD-ROM disc is 120 mm in diameter, though the smaller Mini CD standard with an 80 mm diameter, as well as numerous non-standard sizes and shapes are also available. Data is stored on the disc as a series of microscopic indentations. A laser is shone onto the reflective surface of the disc to read the pattern of pits and lands. Because the depth of the pits is approximately one-quarter to one-sixth of the wavelength of the laser light used to read the disc, the reflected beam's phase is shifted in relation to the incoming beam, causing destructive interference and reducing the reflected beam's intensity. This pattern of changing intensity of the reflected beam is converted into binary data.

A CD-ROM sector contains 2,352 bytes, divided into 98 24byte frames. Unlike a music CD, a CD-ROM cannot rely on error concealment by interpolation, and therefore requires a higher reliability of the retrieved data. In order to achieve improved error correction and detection.

The difference between sector size and data content are the header information and the error-correcting codes, that are big for data (high precision required), small for VCD (standard for video) and none for audio. If extracting the disc in raw format (standard for creating images) always extract 2,352 bytes per sector, not 2,048/2,336/2,352 bytes depending on data type (basically, extracting the whole sector). This fact has two main consequences:

Recording data CDs at very high speed (40) can be done without losing information. However, as audio CDs do not contain a third layer of error-correcting codes, recording these at high speed may result in more unrecoverable errors or 'clicks' in the audio. On a 74 minute CD, one can fit larger images using raw mode, up to 333,000 2,352 = 783,216,000 bytes (~747 MiB). This is the upper limit for raw images created on a 74 min or ~650 MiB CD.

An image size is always a multiple of 2,352 bytes (the size of a block) when extracting in raw mode.

The 14.8% increase is due to the discarding of error correction data The sync pattern for Mode 1 CDs is 0xff00ffffffffffffffff00ff[3]

CD-ROM capacities are normally expressed with binary prefixes, subtracting the space used for error correction data. A standard 120 mm, 700 MB CD-ROM can actually hold about 737 MB (703 MiB) of data with error correction (or 847 MB total). In comparison, a single-layer DVD-ROM can hold 4.7 GB of error-protected data, more than 6 CD-ROMs.

CD-ROM discs are read using CD-ROM drives. A CD-ROM drive may be connected to the computer via an IDE (ATA), SCSI, S-ATA, Firewire, or USB interface or a proprietary interface, such as the Panasonic CD interface. Virtually all modern CD-ROM drives can also play audio CDs as well as Video CDs and other data standards when used in conjunction with the right software.

CD-ROM drive can sometimes be a misnomer for newer drives that are capable for reading and burning DVDs, the CD's successor which is now the standard optical disc drive.

CD-ROM drives employ a near-infrared 780 nm laser diode. The laser beam is directed onto the disc via an optoelectronic tracking module, which then detects whether the beam has been reflected or scattered.

Software distributors, and in particular distributors of computer games, often make use of various copy protection schemes to prevent software running from any media besides the original CDROMs. This differs somewhat from audio CD protection in that it is usually implemented in both the media and the software itself. The CD-ROM itself may contain "weak" sectors to make copying the disc more difficult, and additional data that may be difficult or impossible to copy to a CD-R or disc image, but which the software checks for each time it is run to ensure an original disc and not an unauthorized copy is present in the computer's CD-ROM drive. Manufacturers of CD writers (CD-R or CD-RW) are encouraged by the music industry to ensure that every drive they produce has a unique identifier, which will be encoded by the drive on every disc that it records: the RID or Recorder Identification Code. This is a counterpart to the SIDthe Source Identification Code, an eight character code beginning with "IFPI" that is usually stamped on discs produced by CD recording plants.