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ADVERBs

An ADJECTIVE describes noun/pronoun.

The fierce dog barked.

....while an adverb..

An

adverb describes a verb adjective, or another adverb.

The fierce dog barked loudly.

ADVERBS
Adverbs provide 4 basic types of information:

HOW an action is/was done

WHEN something happens

WHERE something happens INTENSITY of an action

ADVERBS OF MANNER

HOW an action
is/was done
Adverbs describe

VERBS

(actions)

ADVERBS OF MANNER Adverbs describing HOW are usually easy to find many end in

ly

ADVERBS OF MANNER 1 She is singing beautifully.

Here the action being performed is that of singing and there is a word that tells us how the action is being performed-that is-beautifully. So beautifully is an adverb here.

ADVERBS OF MANNER
How did he walk? How did it move?

Slowly.

Quickly.

ADVERBS OF MANNER
How will he proceed? How did it shine?

Cautiously

Brightly

ADVERBS OF MANNER
In most cases, ly is simply added to the positive form of the adjective. For example: Adjective bad complete normal surprising Adverb of Manner badly completely normally surprisingly

Adjectives ending in ic

However, when the adjective ends in ic, the syllable al is usually added before the ly ending. For example:

Adjective dramatic scientific specific basic

Adverb of Manner dramatically scientifically specifically basically

Adjectives ending in le
When the adjective ends in le preceded by a consonant, the final e is usually changed to y, to form the ly ending. For example:

Adjective favorable humble simple

Adverb of Manner favorably humbly simply

ADVERBS OF MANNER
Adjectives ending in ll
When the adjective ends in ll, only y is added. For example: Adjective dull full shrill Adverb of Manner dully fully shrilly

Adjectives ending in ue
When the adjective ends in ue, the final e is usually omitted before the ending ly is added. For example:

Adjective due true

Adverb of Manner duly truly

ADVERBS OF MANNER Adjectives ending in y

When the adjective ends in y preceded by a consonant, the y is usually changed to i before the ending ly is added. For example: busy easy happy busily easily happily

However, in the case of the adjective gay, y is changed to i before the ending ly is added: gay gaily

The following tables give examples of adverbs of manner, location, time and frequency which do not end in -ly. Adjective good fast hard little loud much Adverb of Manner well fast hard little loud or loudly much

It should also be noted that there are several adjectives ending in ly which have no corresponding adverbs:

friendly likely lively lonely silly ugly

When it is desired to use one of these words to modify a verb, an adverb phrase of manner may be used. In the following examples, the adverb phrases are underlined. e.g.

He behaved in a friendly manner. They acted in a silly way.

ADVERBS OF MANNER

Adjectives -le changes to -ly: gentle -y changes to -ily: easy -ic changes to -ically: automatic -ue changes to -uly: true -ll changes to -lly: full

Adverbs gently easily automatically truly fully

ADVERBS OF MANNER
Adverbs of manner tell us how something happens. They are usually placed after the main verb or after the object.
Examples: He swims well. (after the main verb) He ran... rapidly, slowly, quickly.. She spoke... softly, loudly, aggressively.. James coughed loudly to attract her attention. He plays the flute beautifully. (after the object) He ate the chocolate cake greedily.

BE CAREFUL! The adverb should not be put between the verb and the object: He ate greedily the chocolate cake. [incorrect] He ate the chocolate cake greedily. [correct]

The position of the adverb is important when there is more than one verb in a sentence.

Notice the difference in meaning between the following pairs of sentences:

She quickly agreed to re-type the letter ( her agreement was quick) She agreed to re-type the letter quickly ( the retyping was quick) He quietly asked me to leave the house ( his request was quiet) He asked me to leave the house quietly ( the leaving was quiet)

COMPARISON OF ADVERBS

There are three forms: - positive - comparative

superlative

ADVERBS OF MANNER
A - Comparison with -er/-est hard - harder - (the) hardest We use -er/-est with the following adverbs: 1) all adverbs with one syllable fast faster fastest High higher highest B - Comparison with more - most carefully - more carefully - (the) most carefully adverbs ending on -ly (not: early)

ADVERBS OF MANNER
C - Irregular adverbs
well badly much little late far better worse more less later farther further

best worst most least last furthest farthest

DRILL TIME!

Adverbs of Manner 1 Encircle the letter of the best answer for each sentence.
1. Do you think men drive ____________ women in your country? a. more dangerously b. more dangerously than c. dangerously 2. I want my children to behave ____________ to every person that they meet. a. nicely b. nicily c. nice 3. My teacher said that Warren works ____________ in our class. a. the hardest b. hardly c. harder than

4. Barbara swims ____________ than Anna because she has stronger arms. a. faster b. fastlier c. fast 5. Angelina is a ____________ student. She is kind and pleasant. a. lovely b. love 6. The girls had to finish their work ____________ because the teacher told them to stop. a. quick b. quickly

7. Do you think you speak English ____________? Yes, of course! a. well b. good c. Goodly 8. When they heard the bad news, they were very ____________. a. sadder b. sad c. sadly 9. When he was a child, Tony spoke very ____________ and his friends couldn't understand him. a. quietly b. quieter c. quiet 10. Megan is a very ____________ athlete. She loves sports. a. serious b. seriously

Supply the paragraph with suitable adverbs of manner. Owen entered the classroom. The class had come back from lunch and it was time to take the math test. He sat down at his desk and took out a pencil. The teacher told the class to settle down and began to pass out the test papers. Owen watched as he worked his way down the aisle towards his desk. The paper slid on to his desk and he looked at the first problem

ADVERBS OF TIME
when an action happened,
also for how long, and how often.

Adverbs of time tell us

ADVERBS OF TIME
Examples: When: today, yesterday, later, now, last year For how long: all day, not long, for a while, since last year

"When" adverbs are usually placed at the

end of the sentence:
Goldilocks went to the Bears' house yesterday. I'm going to tidy my room tomorrow.

1. We use adverbials of time to say when something happens. We often use noun groups called time expressions as adverbials

yesterday today tomorrow

last year the day after tomorrow next Saturday last night next week the other day

We can use prepositional phrases as adverbials of time:

clock times: at eight o'clock, at three fifteen religious festivals: at Christmas, at Easter mealtimes: at breakfast, at lunchtimes specific periods: at night, at the weekend, at weekends, at half-term

seasons: in autumn, in the spring years and centuries: in 1985, in the year 2000, in the nineteenth century months: in July, in December parts of the day: in the morning, in the evenings

The plane leaves tomorrow morning. They're coming next week. I'm going to the shop soon. She tries to get back before dark. It's starting to get dark now. She finished her tea first. She left early.

DRILL TIME!

1. Fill in the blanks with suitable adverbs of time. 1. I shall go to Manila ____________ . 2. We have ________________ booked the tickets. 3. The flight was ________________ . 4. She had been there ________________ . 5. Bok will go to school ________________ . 6. Miss Kitty arrived ________________ . She missed the bus. 7. Pety arrived ________________ . The doctor had not come to the clinic. 8. Go ________________ or the others will go away. 9. Mrs. Cow feeds the poor ________________ . 10. We went to the post-office _____

Adverbs of Time Arrange the words to make sentences. Place time expressions at the end of the sentence. 1. haven't / recently / seen / I / him 2. I'll / you / see / soon 3. afterwards / met / at the pub / him / we 4. help / immediately / I / need 5. was / arrogant / he / then / very 6. / now / are / where / you 7. / to go / where / you / do / want / today 8. / do / yesterday / did / you / what 9. as soon as possible / you / him / the truth / tell / should 10. hasn't won / lately / my team -

1. I haven't seen him recently. 2. I'll see you soon. 3. We met him at the pub afterwards. 4. I need help immediately. 5. He was very arrogant then. 6. Where are you now? 7. Where do you want to go today? 8. What did you do yesterday? 9. You should tell him the truth as soon as possible. 10. My team hasn't won lately.

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