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SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS

Presentation on 1G & 2G mobile technology Presented by Anuradha khare Beauty keshri Vikash kumar

WHAT IS 1G ?

1G INTODUCTION
1G (or 1-G)
refers to the first-generation of wireless telephone technology, mobile telecommunications, more popularly known as CELLPHONES.

HISTORY
The first commercially automated cellular network (the 1G generation) was launched in Japan by NTT in 1979, initially in the metropolitan area of Tokyo.

Within five years, the NTT network had been expanded to cover the whole population of Japan and became the first nationwide 1G network.

In 1981, this was followed by the simultaneous launch of the Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) system in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. NMT was the first mobile phone network featuring international roaming.

The first 1G network launched in the USA was Chicago-based Ameritech in 1983 using the Motorola DynaTAC mobile phone. Several countries then followed in the early-to-mid 1980s including the UK, Mexico and Canada.

Motorola DYNA TAC

FREQUENCY
about 150MHz upto 900 MHZ.

The radio signals that 1G networks use were analog.

TECHNOLOGY USED
To transmit the frequency between two towers it used the technique FrequencyDivision Multiple Access (FDMA)

FDMA
It works like a radio system by separating the frequency into equal spectrum. Facilitate with the feature of analogue system by enabling the accessibility of call.

ADVANTAGE Network standardization Mobility Price plans

DISADVANTAGE
low capacity unreliable handoff poor voice links no security

WHAT IS 2G ?

2G INTRODUCTION
2nd Generation system for mobile communications. The 2nd generation is based on digital technology. 2G systems offer increased voice quality and capacity over 1G systems. Historically, 2G systems provided voice and a limited data capacity of 9.6 to 14.4 Kbps.

2G cellular telecom networks were commercially launched on the GSM standard in Finland by Radiolinja.

2G Technology mobiles are now able to do not only verbal communication but also able to send text.

FEATURES
SMS MMS BLUETOOTH GPRS(General Packet Radio Service) GPS(Global Positioning System)

2G introduced data services for mobile, starting with SMS text messages.

2G

introduced MMS technology which is helpful to share images and videos.

2G

introduced BLUETOOTH technology which is helpful to share DATA free of cost.

2G

introduced GPRS technology which is helpful to obtain data from world wide web at nominal cost.

that provides reliable location and time information in all weather and at all times and anywhere.

TECHNOLOGY USED
FDMA(Frequency-Division Multiple Access) TDMA(time division multiple access) CDMA(code division multiple access) GSM(Global System for Mobile Communications )

FDMA
In FDMA all users share the satellite simultaneously but each user transmits at single frequency. FDMA can be used with both analog and digital signal. FDMA requires high-performing filters in the radio hardware. Due to the frequency filtering, FDMA is not sensitive to near-far problem. Each user transmits and receives at different frequencies as each user gets a unique frequency slot.

TDMA
Shares single carrier frequency with multiple users Non-continuous transmission makes handoff simpler Slots can be assigned on demand in dynamic TDMA Less stringent power control than CDMA due to reduced intra cell interference Higher synchronization overhead than CDMA Advanced equalization may be necessary for high data rates if the channel is "frequency selective" and creates Inter symbol interference Cell breathing (borrowing resources from adjacent cells) is more complicated than in CDMA Frequency/slot allocation complexity Pulsating power envelope: Interference with other devices

TDMA STRUCTURE

CDMA
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) relies on the use of spread spectrum techniques to achieve multiple communication channels. It provides an unique code for each user of CDMA which separate the identity with each other.

Its Large number of users share same frequency with unique code.
Both senders and receivers are able to use a full band with the help of using their codes. Contrast to one analog call, nearly dozen calls can be channelized at the same time.

GSM
most 2G GSM networks operating in the 900 MHz or 1800 MHz bands. The GSM Association estimates that 80% of the global mobile market uses the GSM standard.

GSM differs from its predecessor technologies in that both signaling and speech channels are digital.

GSM also pioneered low-cost implementation of the short message service (SMS).

ADVANTAGE
The lower power emissions helped address health concerns.

Going all-digital allowed for the introduction of digital data services, such as SMS and email.
Greatly reduced fraud. With analog systems it was possible to have two or more "cloned" handsets that had the same phone number.

DISADVANTAGE
In less populous areas, the weaker digital signal may not be sufficient to reach a cell tower.
Whenever same frequency occurs in the same area it causes of breakdown of connection. High frequency sometimes causes of damage of cell phone or injury.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN 1G & 2G


1G
Radio Signals are of

2G
Radio Signals are of

analog type. The only way of communication is voice transmission and reception .

digital type. 2G provide additional benefits such as SMS and MMS.

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