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A PROCESS
In considering the counseling process, think of a beginning, a middle and an end each with main areas of focus/tasks to accomplish. Think process. *Applies as a whole (1st to last session) *Within sessions
Built upon a solid foundation of relationship, moving forward toward goalsa blend of art and of science Applies in all theoretical orientations
Six Stages
Stage One: Stage Two: Stage Three:
Stage Four:
Relationship building Assessment and diagnosis Formulation of counseling goals Intervention and problem solving Termination and Follow Up Research and evaluation
Carkuff (1969) adds to these *Respect * Confrontation *Immediacy * Concreteness *Self disclosure
worth separate from actions Congruence Genuine self in client interaction Respect Strength focus Immediacy Here and Now Confrontation Promotes realistic, accurate view Concreteness Attention on what is practical Self disclosure -->Promoting positive perception and appropriate focus in counseling relationship
Nystul (2003)
Objectives: Parents clearly define rules and boundaries and follow through with child
Intervention: Assist parent in the process of identifying and presenting rules and consequences to child
Termination
Collaboration with client in identifying a date in advance Note that today, Managed care may dictate
Role to review progress, create closure in client counselor relationship and plan for future Think of this as a means of empowering client
Termination considered not just at end of successful relationship, but also is considered when it seems counseling is not being helpful
Research / Evaluation
Really completed throughout the counseling process reflected in *Generating hypotheses *Trying intervention strategies *Determining if/when goal is met
A plan for evaluation