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Bert Collard
Current position: Scientist II (breeder)
Since March 2011
Work experience
Durum wheat breeder (2009-2011) - Department of Primary Industries NSW Research Scientist (2008) - Department of Primary Industries VIC Research Scientist (2006-2007) - Queensland Department of Primary Industries Postdoctoral Research Fellow (2005-2006) - PBGB, IRRI Postdoctoral Research Fellow (2003-2004) - University of Southern Queensland Research Assistant (2000-2002) - RMIT University, VIC
Research highlights Senior durum wheat breeder/ program leader for Australian Durum wheat breeding program >10 years experience in molecular genetics research for disease resistance, abiotic stress tolerances and quality traits in bread wheat, chickpea, barley, sorghum and rice Experience in DNA marker validation research within Australian Wheat and Barley Molecular Marker Program Working with Dave Mackill at IRRI (2005-2006) in marker-assisted backcrossing program for Sub1 and abiotic stress tolerances IRRI claim to fame: Rice breeding course co-ordinator Highest water bill by research staff in PBGB (or even IRRI ?)
Flooding
Types of flooding
1. Crop establishment (anaerobic germination) 2. Flash-flooding (short duration ~2 weeks) 3. Medium deep water (Stagnant, slow rise)
FR13A
Sub-1(t)
C1232 RZ698
OPS14 900
RG553 R1016 RZ206 50cM
OPH7 950
RZ422
100cM C985
Mega-varieties of rice
extremely popular varieties which have higher yields and farmers prefer Problem: susceptible to abiotic stresses Solution: use backcrossing strategy
Swarna (India)
BR11 (Bangladesh)
IR64 (Asia)
there are many undesirable aspects associated with precipitous changes in varieties. Farmers are reluctant to rapidly shift their production from an old proven variety to an unknown new one. Their reluctance is based on their familiarity with the old variety which permits them to exploit to the maximum potential yielding ability. They know the best rates and dates of seeding of the old variety for their local conditions. ...
Normal Borlaug
1957
...The conventional backcross method .... [produces] new varieties which are phenotypically similar to the recurrent parent and is thereby readily received by both farmer and miller.
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CONVENTIONAL BACKCROSSING
x P1 P2 VARIETY DONOR P1 x F1
P1 x BC1 P1 x BC2
~6 YEARS
Select target gene. Discard ~50% BC1 Visually select BC1 progeny that closely resemble variety
P1 x BC3
P1 x BC4
P1 x BC5
P1 x BC6
Repeat process until at least BC6
13
BC6F2
3 - 4 YEARS
P1 x BC1
MAS
P1 x BC2
MAS
P1 x BC3
MAS
CONVENTIONAL BACKCROSSING
Unwanted donor chromosome segments
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
SUB1
10
11
12
15
10
11
12
16
17
3 weeks
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Swarna
Swarna Sub1
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Short video
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Name Swarna-Sub1 IR64-Sub1 Samba MahsuriSub1 TDK 1-Sub1 BR11-Sub1 CR1009-Sub1 Ciherang-Sub1 PSBRc18-Sub1
Year developed 2006 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2009 2009
Country India, Bangladesh, Nepal All Asia India, Bangladesh, Nepal Laos Bangladesh India Indonesia, Bangladesh Philippines
Rigorous evaluation of Sub1 varieties lines for: Submergence tolerance Yield and agronomic traits Grain quality
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Looking ahead
Promotion Replace Swarna (approx. 5 M ha area) with Swarna-Sub1 Take Swarna-Sub1 to additional flood prone areas where Swarna cannot be cultivated Tracking of diffusion of Swarna-Sub1 using GIS & Remote sensing Seed production & diffusion through formal & informal systems Ground survey
Varoy
Septi
Eloi
Estoy
Freddie
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Pakistan
BC2F1
2014-2015
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30
606)
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Stagnant flooding
Water depth: 50-60 cm for up to several months Yield losses: ~<60% Common in South (Eastern India, Bangladesh, Nepal) and SE Asia (Thailand, Cambodia) and parts of Africa
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Sub1 has no affect on tolerance 3 varieties with Sub1 + stagnant flooding tolerance:
Sacobia (Philippines, 1997); Schwe Pyi Tan (Myanmar, 2005)
Indonesia (2008)
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Breeders eyes:
Tillering R2 = 0.12 Maturity R2 = 0.39
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Forward breeding
>200,000 PLANTS
n = 1,000/ pop. x 50 crosses/ season
F2
SUBMERGENCE
<10,000 PLANTS
F3
SUBMERGENCE
~8,000 lines
3000-4000 lines
F4 F5
BACTERIAL BLIGHT
BACTERIAL BLIGHT
F6
Quality
MAS
80
ADVANCED YIELD TRIALS (AYT)
Yield under NORMAL + STAGNANT FLOODING
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Promising material
Selection for yield under SF stress Developed SUB1 + SFT lines outperforming both Sub1 varieties and checks
INGER
Flood prone nurseries
OVERSEAS PARTNERS
Observational or replicated yield trials
NEW VARIETIES
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BRRI
NEPAL BRRI
BRRI
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Swarna
Swarna Sub1
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New QTLs
Stagnant flooding
Research needs: 1. Set of elite breeding lines 2. Phenotyping methods 3. Germplasm evaluation 4. Physiological trait characterization 5. Molecular genetic information
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Stagnant flooding
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Germplasm screening
New sources of submergence tolerance
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Precision phenotyping
Submergence screening
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DAY 1
DAY 7
SAMPLE #1
Input: Water temp. pH Dissolved O2 EC Turbidity
SAMPLE #2 SAMPLE #3
OUTPUT #1: Drain water now. 85% survival tolerant check OUTPUT #2: 10% yield loss for 55 Swarna-Sub1
DAY 16
DAY 17
DAY 18
16.8%
40.7%
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IRRI 119
IR10F388
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Dr. J.N. Reddy, Central Rice Research Institute (CRRI), Cuttack, Odisha
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Flood tolerance
Salinity
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Drought
60
MOLECULAR BREEDING
PHYSIOLOGY + AGRONOMY
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Summary
1. Sub1 varieties have had a big impact in a short time 2. Currently developing new Sub1 varieties with multiple types of flooding tolerance 3. Building new rainfed varieties with multiple stress tolerances next priority 4. Sub1 will be a default gene for all breeding programs
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Marlyn Rala SUB Breeding team Jerome Carandang Julius Jojo Borgonia Richard Daif Richard Formaran Lab Team Jean Gonzaga Eloi Suiton Darlene Sanchez Kashif Aslam Physiology (CESD) Yoichi Kato Ella Evangelista Abdel Ismail ES Leigh Vial Caling Balingbing
Thank you!
PBGB Varoy Pamplona Dr. S.R. Das Endang Septiningsih Glenn Gregorio Allan Sallabsabin Rafiq Islam
MMAL Jade Dilla-Ermita Mike Thomson Pathology Nollie Vera-Cruz Abe Ona Ruby Burgos Umesh Singh Dave Mackill
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