The Port of Hamburg Gateway to the World

The Port of Hamburg is northern Europe's most important transport hub. A vital part of Germany's and wider European import/export business, port has consistently built its position as a major water-based interface for intercontinental trade flows. This applies, in particular, to cargo transports to/from the Far East, Eastern European countries and the Baltic Sea states. Good inland waterway connections to the hinterland make Hamburg an important logistics hub for Northern Europe The lion's share of the Port of Hamburg's transhipment volume either arrives from or is destined for Asia. For instance China, which already ranks well ahead of Singapore as Hamburg's No.1 trading partner in the container segment.

Trade volumes
The Port of Hamburg is a universal port, which means that it does not focus solely on the container business, as many might believe, but caters for all types of shipments. The non-containerised segment is particularly labourintensive, making it an important part of the port's ongoing development The Port of Hamburg today ranks as Germany's biggest port and Europe's second-biggest container port. To exemplify this in figures: in 1990 the port's trade volume was 61 million tonnes. By 2007 and 2008, its trade volume had more than doubled, to 140.4 million tonnes

Major Terminals
Port Container Terminal Hamburg (CTH) EUROGATE Container Terminal Altenwerder (CTA ) Container Terminal Burchardkai (CTB) Container Terminal Tollerort (CTT) Buss Hansa Terminal Buss Ross Terminal Steinweg Type

Facilities
Berths 6 Quay length 2.o5om Quay cranes 21 Area (Ha) 140

Container

Container Container Container MultiPurpose Multipurpose Bulk cargo

4 8 4

1.4oom 2.850m 1.000m 840m 230m 1.150m

26 22 8 9 1 4

110 140 40 30

250

Speciality of Terminals of Port

Four large container terminals are available in Hamburg. High-performance handling with short mooring times means that even the biggest container carriers leave the port again after one or two days. The capacity of the terminals is continually being expanded to meet the changing demands of the market and new developments in ship sizes. The Container Terminal Altenwerder is among the most modern container handling facilities in the world. Container handling is almost entirely automated driverless vehicles transport the boxes between the quay and block storage areas. The terminal began operations in 2002 as a joint project of Hamburger Hafen- und Logistik AG (HHLA) and the Hapag-Lloyd shipping lines.

Facilities
Eurogate Container Terminal Hamburg
Six large-ship berths with 21 container cranes (of which 19 Post-Panmax) and more than 140 Van Carriers ensure rapid handling on 365 days and around the clock.

Eurogate Container Terminal Layout

Facilities
Multipurpose Terminals Multipurpose terminals handle heavy lifts, conventional general cargo and project cargo, as well as containers. Even though around 97 percent of the general cargo is now handled in containers, the remaining volume of conventional general cargo is still very important to the port. Hamburg has special terminals for conventional handling of things like vehicles, fruits, vegetables, paper and cardboard, wood pulp, metals, iron and steel. Furthermore, special equipment is available to handle large and heavy machines and industrial components.

Facilities
Bulk Cargo Terminals
Bulk cargo is handled, stored and forwarded in the form of loose, suction, grab and liquid cargo at various terminals in the Port of Hamburg. Neighbouring industrial plants process many raw materials right in Hamburg. With a storage capacity of around one million tons, Hamburg takes first place in Europe for bulk cargo

FACILITIES
Warehouse & Depots The Port of Hamburg is not just a transhipment centre for goods of all kinds but also one of the leading logistics locations in Northern Europe. In the Hamburg area alone, there are well over 1,000 storage and logistics companies. Whether hazardous goods or spices are concerned, refrigerated or block storage, empty or consolidated containers the right storage facility is available here to meet all challenges

Facilities
Liner Services

Hamburg is often called the gateway to the world. And in fact, Hamburg has one of the densest networks of liner services in Europe, making it an important transport hub for the worldwide flow of cargo. Specialised liner routes link Hamburg to six continents.In the year 2010, more than 100 scheduled container liner services sailed from Hamburg and made direct calls at around 700 ports of destination, with about 250 additional destinations being serviced indirectly (via transhipments).

Facilities
Hamburg a Railway Port The Port of Hamburg is the most important transhipment centre for rail containers in Europe. Three major port railway stations and 375 kilometres of track ensure fast and reliable transport. The port railway network connects the terminals to railways in Germany and throughout Europe

Facilities
Inland Waterways

Hamburg is extremely efficient in handling ships and barges and cargo transport via inland waterways is one of the strengths of Germanys biggest seaport. Along with feeder, truck and rail connections, inland waterways provide an attractive alternative for transporting bulk and dangerous cargo, and increasingly for containers, as well.

Elbe river in Hamburg

The Elbe River has a depth of 16.3 metres at high tide. Ships with a maximum draught of 12.8 metres can enter or clear the port irrespective of tides. Making use of high tides, ships of up to 15.1 metres draught can sail up the Elbe

Sedimentation Problems in Navigational channel Elbe

Harbours and water ways can only fulfil their commercial function i.e maintaining vessel traffic to secure a sufficient water depth for navigation.

In many regions, constant dredging is required because of considerable natural sedimentation processes.
Environmental problems have started to influence dredging methods in recent decades.

Causes of Siltation
The port of Hamburg is constructed as an Open Port without docks. Especially in the basin entrances tidal effects, flow effects and the river discharge are the main causes for siltation. During the flood eddy currents in the harbour basin entrances lead to siltation rates of in some cases several meters per year which especially at this point form a severe obstacle for vessel navigation.

Effect on Economy of Hamburg

Since The Port of Hamburg represents an important economic asset for Hamburg and surrounding regions. Approximately 140 000 jobs are directly or indirectly dependent upon it . An essential requirement for maintaining competitiveness is a sufficient water depth for navigation of vessels. In order to warrant this, an annual quantity of more than 2*106 m3 Elbe sediments containing more than 600 000 t solids has to be dredged . At the end of the 70's it was recognised that the Elbe is one of the most contaminated rivers in Europe . Therefore in 1980, Hamburg introduced wide range research projects in order to investigate the contamination problems of the Elbe silt and to develop technologies for treatment, utilisation and deposition of dredged material taking care of the environment.

Dredging Material Program for Silt

The internationally acknowledged efforts of the Hamburg dredged material program led to the following results Construction of a large-scale plant for mechanical separation of Elbe sediments (METHA MEchanical Treatment of HArbour Sediments)

Construction of two silt disposal sites with a total volume of 12 million m3 in Hamburg using safe deposition technologies
Construction of a waste water purification plant at the disposal site

Outlook
Ultimately, the Port of Hamburg's success is rooted in the excellent services and facilities it provides for its clientele of shipping companies, as well as its proximity to many of Europe's key markets and industrial centres. For instance, its Altenwerder container terminal (CTA) is unrivalled in Europe in terms of its productivity and logistical infrastructure. The port's reliable services and excellent transport links to the hinterland of continental Europe give it a decisive advantage over its northern European rivals, namely the ports of Bremen, Rotterdam and Antwerp. However, the Port of Hamburg's forecast growth in transhipment volumes and logistics jobs can only be realised if visiting vessels can continue to be loaded and unloaded within a reasonable time-frame. This means, for instance, that the Elbe River shipping channel will need to be further developed in coming years to cater for the everincreasing traffic volumes, as well as for the next generation of container ships

PORT OF VISAKHAPATNAM
Located on the East Coast of India,midway between Calcutta and Chennai The Port is catering to the key industries like the petroleum, steel, power and fertilizers besides other manufacturing industries and playing catalyst role for the agricultural and industrial development of its hinterland spreading from the south to the north. Thats why it is called as East Coast Gateway of India The Visakhapatnam Port serves the requirements of six steel plants - Bilai, Bokaro, Rourkela, Durgapur, Visakhapatnam in the public sector and TISCO plant in the private sector. The Port is well connected by rail, road and airways

Advantage of location

The location of the port is very ideal in the sense that it affords protection from cyclones which strike the east coast regularly, by a high promontories into the sea, known as Dolphins Nose Hill which is to the north of the entrance channel and other is Rose Hill to the South of Entrance Channel. The low tidal range of a maximum of 1.82 meters is also advantageous for the location of the port.

Port Facilities
The Port has three harbours viz., outer harbour, inner harbour and the fishing harbour. The outer harbour with a water spread of 200 hectares has 6 berths and the inner harbour with a water spread of 100 hectares has 18 berths. Bestowed with natural deep water basins, the outer harbour is capable of accommodating 150,000 DWT vessels and draft upto 17 meters. The inner harbour berths are PANAMAX compatible and can handle vessels upto 11 meters draft.

Outer Harbour

Unique Features
It is a natural port endowed with deep water basins
formed by a high promontory into the sea,known as Dolphins Nose Hill to the south and Ross Hill to the North of the entrance channel.

Deepest Natural Draft in India - 15 m Highest productivity 25 moves per hour per crane Island Break-water, constructed by scuttling two old
ships JANUS and WELLESDON which form the skeleton around which a rubble mound is formed. Two engineers Mr.W.C.Ash and Mr.D.B.Rattenberry were instrumental in making this engineering marvel a reality.

Unique Features

The only port in India and first of its kind in South Asia to have a Cavern facility for LPG a mined rock Cavern at a depth of 200 mtrs. below sea level (capacity: 60,000 T) The only Indian port to have three international certifications.

ISO 9001 Quality Management System.

ISO 14001 Environmental Management System. OHSAS 18001 - Occupational Health and Safety Management System.

Facilities
Feature Inner harbour Outer harbour

Water Spread (Hectares) 100 Size 35,000 DWT

200 65,000 DWT at GCB and upto 1,50,000DWT

Draft
LOA Beam

11 metres
195 metres(Panamax) 31.5 metres

17 metres
Upto 280metres 42 metres

Berth Facilities in Port

Number of berths: Multipurpose berth Oil berth Fertiliser berth (mechanical handling) Mooring berth Ore berths Oil terminal Oil mooring 17 Inner harbour 13 2 1 1 2 1 1 6 Outerharbour 2

Flotilla
Flotilla: Dredgers Shipping Tugs - 30 to 50 tonne BP Small Tugs General purpose launch Survey launch Mooring launch Pilot launch Oilbarge Water barges Steel barges Other barges Floating cranes Fire float Oil pollution craft (Sushi & Misha) Hopper barges Flat top pontoon Nos. 2 8 2 11 3 3 3 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2

Warehousing & Storage Facilities:

Covered:
Description Transit Sheds Storage Sheds No. 5 4 Area in Sq. mtrs. 31123 13,284

Open Space (inSq.mtrs):

Within Customs limits
Outside Cstoms limits Iron Ore Stacking Space Other Open Space Total:

2,88,351
6,25,258 85,000 1,52,319 11,50,928

Cargo Handling Equipment:

Description
Electric Wharf Cranes Mobile Cranes Forklift Trucks Floating Crane (Bheema) Floating Crane (Hanuman) Gantry Cranes Pay Loader Locos: 700H.P 1400 H.P.

No.
18 4 43

Capacity in tonnes
6 to 15 40 to 75 3 to 12

1
1 2 5 6 19

150
60 50 1.7 to 3.5 cu. mtrs.

Crane Facilities in Port

Container HandlingFacilities:
Gantry Cranes - 2 Nos. Spreaders of - 2 Nos. Plug points to handle reefer containers - 88 Nos. Mobile cranes - 4 Nos. Top lift carrier of 42 tonne capacity - 1 No. Standby generators of 320 KVA Covered storage area - 3000 sq.mtrs Open storage area - 1 lakh Sq.mtrs. Fork lift turcks - 43 Nos.

Handling Facilities

Dry Dock Facilities

Port Dry Dock size : 137x18x5.6 mtrs. Vessels of 122 mtrs. LOA, 5 mtrs. Draft, at Inner Harbour.
Fishing Harbour Dry Dock : 65x21x6.10 mtrs.

(Fishing Harbour Can accommodate Fishing Trawlers of 53 mtrs. LOA, 15 mtrs. Beam and 4.5 metrs. Draft or 2 nos. Trawlers of size 23 mtrs. LOA, 8 mtrs. Beam & 3.9 mtrs. Draft.
HSY Dry Dock : Is capable of attending to repairs of vessels upto a maximum size of 244m. x 37m.

Visakha Container Terminal (VCT)

Visakha Container Terminal (VCT), which is developed as the country's deepest container terminal.

VCTPL is equipped with postpanamaxgantry cranes, modern RTGs, ReachStackers and a fleet of modern ITV (Internal Transfer Vehicle) capable of handling all type of containerized cargo including reefer and out of gauge equipments.
The annual throughput was close to 1,00,000 TEUs -- the main exports being ferro alloys, aluminium ingots, seafood, minerals, chemicals, granites and garments. The main imports are refractory stuff, machinery and spares, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, wood pulp, food and agro products. The advantage with VCT, which is in the process of emerging as an ideal gateway to shipping lines and customers connecting AP and rapidly growing hinterland of North, Central and North India with the overseas markets.

Visakha Container Terminal (VCT)

Navigational Facilities
The contour depth along the shipping channel is around 10 meters. The total approach channel is 23 km. The width of the channel varies between 200 to 1000 meters. The Port is well sheltered from the South West Monsoon and is therefore navigable in all weather. Necessary naigational aids are provided to facilitate day and night navigaton. Night navigation restricted to vessels of LOA 195 meters and draft upto 9.9 meters. Tankers for oil jetties handled during daylight hours only. Ships having speed of less than 9 Knots will not be provided in & out of port during hours of darkness.

Developments
The Port has ambitious plans for modernization with the vision to become the most preferred Port in South Asian Region. The major thrust areas of development include deepening of channels and berths, construction of new berths, modernization of cargo handling equipments/systems, connectivity and other logistics. Details of major developments envisaged by the Port which are in different stages of implementation are given below. These developments would enhance the capacity to 110 million tonnes by 2014-15.

Projects in Progress
Phase-II deepening of inner harbour entrance channel and turning circle to cater to vessels of 12.5 meters draft. Procurement of 2 nos., 50 T Bollard pull shipping tugs. Strengthening of 5 berths(EQ5, EQ6, WQ1, WQ2 and WQ3) in the inner harbour to cater to vessels of 12.5 meters draft. Extension of return end of WQ-1 and construction of WQ8 return end Development of SBM facility at outer harbour for import of crude oil as JV with HPCL

Projects in Pipe Line

Strengthening and mechanization of the General-cumbulk cargo berth(GCB) in the outer harbour to accommodate 2 lakh DWT coal vessels(DBFOT). The targeteted output at the facility for Panamax and Cape size vessels is 42,000 TPD and 70,000 TPD respectively. Mechanised handling facilities for fertilizer at EQ7 berth(DBFOT) at a targeted output of 28,000TPD with storage sheds, silos and bagging plant. Development of EQ1 and EQ1A berths in the inner harbour with mechanized handling facilities (DBFOT) at a targeted output of 15,000TPD and 27,000TPD for Handymax and Panamax vessels respectively for steam coal and thermal coal

Projects in Pipe Line

Installation of mechanized iron ore handling facilities at WQ1 berth in the inner harbour (DBFOT) at a targeted output of 25,000TPD and 43,200TPD for Handymax and Panamax vessels respectively Development of EQ10 berth in the inner harbour (DBFOT) for handling liquid cargo and chemicals including Biodiesel at a targeted handling rate of 7,200TPD Development of WQ6 berth in the inner harbour for multi commodities (DBFOT) such as Calcined PET Coke, Metallurgical coke, Steel, Granite etc. Development of WQ7 and WQ8 berths in the inner harbour (DBFOT) for handling alumina and other dry bulk

Proposals on the anvil

Phase-III deepening of the inner harbour entrance channel and turning circle to cater to vessels of 14 meters draft Dredging in the outer harbour to cater to 2 lakh DWT vessels Upgradation of iron ore handling facilities in the outer harbour to accommodate 2 lakh DWT vessels. Strengthening of 3 berths in the inner harbour to cater to vessels of draft upto 12.5 meters

Some of The Future Plans include:

Infrastructural Augmentation Development of additional stacking area including reclamation/Hard surfacing Construction of additional storage sheds & warehouses Development of Exim Park for Port based industries Development of Container Freight Station. Deepening the Port waterways including slope protection Modification to south break water

Re-designing the Transport System Development of additonal link roads from Port to the Industrial bypass road. Development ofplanned road network connecting the newly developed operational areas and Exim work.

Revamping and modernisation of Port Railway System

Container Freight Station & Container Park In order to attract container traffic on a large scale and to provide full-fledged infrastructural facilities for stacking, stuffing and de-stuffing the containers, it is proposed to establish a container freight station and container park at this Port.

Beach Nourishment
In consonance with the development of Visakhapatnam Outer Harbour in the early 1970s the need for protection of the beach North of Visakhapatnam Port from the adverse affect of erosion due to the natural phenomena on account of sea wave/current action was realized. A quantity of about 4 lakhs cu. mts. of sand is being pumped for the beach nourishment every year by incurring an expenditure of about ` 6.00 crores. The beach nourishment being carried out for over the last 3 decades shows the firm commitment of the Port towards the social obligation for the city public, visitors and fishermen community.

The Port of Visakhapatnam, is maintaining harmony between Port development and environmental protection.

Steps for minimising Pollution

Following are steps to minimise pollution levels:

The mechanisation of cargo handling operation on Phases the closed conveyor system to carry coal from the outer harbour to the designated stack yard for mechanical loading into rakes is under fast progress . The existing iron ore mechanical system is also planned to be revamped, converting it into a completely closed conveyor system. These systems will reduce dust pollution, as they will eliminate truck traffic between the outer harbour and inner harbour. A 21-feet compound wall is also being constructed around the new stack yard. On top of it, another 10-feet screen is being erected. Sprinkler systems are being put in place to suppress dust.

Outlook
During the FY 2009-10 the Port handled a record quantity of 65.50 million tonnes standing 2nd among major ports and first among the east coast ports.
The Port is catering to the key industries like the petroleum, steel, power and fertilizers besides other manufacturing industries and playing catalyst role for the agricultural and industrial development of its hinterland spreading from the south to the north. The Port is equipped with an array of cargo transfer systems. The mechanical ore handling plant consists of fully mechanized receiving and shipping systems designed to loads iron ore directly into the vessels through conveyors. The Port is operating its own Railway network of about 200 Kms., which is linked to the Trunk Railways.

Outlook
The Port has ambitious plans for modernization with the vision to become the most preferred Port in South Asian Region. Considerable investments through PPP(Public Private Partnership)mode are on the anvil envisaging deepening of channels and berths, construction of new berths, installation of state of art mechanized handling facilities and other logistics.

Comparison
Port Of Hamburg covers an area of 7399 hectares (6480 hectares usable) Cargo Handled 132 million tonnes in 2010-2011 Type of harbor Artificial Port contains over 320 Berthing facilities and 41 km of quay for ocean going vessels Can accommodate Draft Upto 12.8 m irrespective of Tides Upto 15.1 m using High tide Post Panamax Vessels are handled Port of Visakhapatnam Inner Harbour covers 100 Hectares Outer Harbour covers 200 Hectares of water surface area Handled Cargo 68 million tonnes in 2010-2011 Inner Harbour Natural Outer harbour Artificial Inner Harbour 18 Berthing Facilities Outer harbour 6 Berthing Facilities Can accommodate Draft upto 11 mts in inner Harbour Upto 17mts in Outer Harbour panamax vessels are Handled in Inner Harbour, post panamax can be Handled in OuterHarbour

Comparison
Port of hamburg Port of Visakhapatnam

The location is naturally advantaged by a branching of river Elbe, creating an ideal place for a port complex with warehousing and transshipment facilities and also its reach to Hinterland of europe.
Terminals are equipped with ultra modern facilities to Handle cargo Eg: Terminal Altwender with driverless transport from quay to storage

The location of the port is very ideal in the sense that it affords protection from cyclones which strike the east coast regularly, by a high promontories into the sea, known as Dolphins Nose Hill, Rose Hill.
Terminal equipped with postpanamax gantry cranes, modern RTGs, Reach Stackers and a fleet of modern ITV (Internal Transfer Vehicle) capable of handling all type of containerized cargo including reefer and out of gauge equipments.

Comparison
Port of Hamburg Excellent Land and inland waterway connections to the hinterland make Hamburg an important logistics hub for Northern Europe and it is known for densest networks of liner services in Europe, making it an important transport hub for the worldwide flow of cargo. So it is called Gateway of World. Port of Visakhapatnam It is ideally located to cater to its vast hinterland covering seven (7) states within 700 KM and extending up to North and North East India. With an excellent rail and road connectivity established, it is an ideal alternative especially for shipments to and from Far East and South East Asian regions to Delhi and other nearby ICDs of Hyderabad, Nagpur and Raipur. Therefore it is called East Coast Gateway of India. 4 lakhs cu. Mts of Sand every year is being pumped for protection of the beach North of Visakhapatnam Port from the adverse affect of erosion due to the natural phenomena on account of sea wave/current action .

Main problems in the port is due to siltation which requires Dredging but identified contamination of Soil for which technologies are developed.

References for port of Hamburg

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_of_Hamburg
www.hafen-hamburg.de/en www.hk24.de/en/economic/347688/port.html;jsessionid... repl23 www.worldportsource.com www.portfocus.com/germany/hamburg/index.html

www.portofhamburg.com
www.hhla.de www.hamburg-port-authority.de

References for port of Hamburg

Paper at the "Environmental and Mineral Processing"", June 30 July 1 1994,The Treatment of Dredged Elbe Sediments from the Port of Hamburg www.hamburggreencapital.eu http___www.eurogate.de_ps_tools_download.php_file=_live_ eg_site_de_eg_html_de_psfile_htmlfile

Volume 29 Issue 3 May/June 2011 Page 6 www.portengineeringmanagement.com

www.dredging-in-germany.de/Hamburg/sites/.../NeEwpc94.pdf Paper on Elbe Estuary(Eurosion case Study) by Jacobus HOFSTEDE

References for port of Visakhapatnam

http://www.vizagport.com/ http://steelexchangeindia.com/insidesteel/ports/visakhap atnam.htm http://www.worldportsource.com/ports/IND_Port_of_Vis akhapatnam_1427.php

http://www.appcpir.com/visakhapatnamport.html
http://www.asiatradehub.com/india/portvisakhapatnam.a sp#4

http://www.shipping.nic.in

References for port of Visakhapatnam

http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/article2 766254.ece

http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/industry-andeconomy/logistics/article2834581.ece
http://phovizagport.gov.in/aboutus.htm

http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-0516/news/29548619_1_cargo-handling-dredging-projectscoking-coal
http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/vizagport-signs-pact-for-berth/463793/