Aman Gupta Chinmay Jain Shubham Khurana

Mugdha Saxena Roop Kumar Himanshu Dheeman

Locations of thermal power plants

Contribution of different fuels in power generation in India

10% 22%

Thermal

Nuclear
3% 65%

Hydro Renewable Energy Sources

Total Power generation in India = 1,69,749 MW

 Presently there are 159 thermal power plants with 613 units

with the total generation capacity of 1,08,602MW in India.

Thermal power
1% 16%

Coal or Lignite

Natural gas
83%

Diesel

Costs associated
Construction costs
Production costs : O&M, Fuel, Employees, Supplies etc Decommissioning costs : Environmental costs Comparison between different power plants is made by

calculating Cost / KWh of the plant

Cost Comparisons

Source : Jason Stanley,2010

Location of coal mines

Coal production

1. Cooling tower

14. Coal conveyor

2. Cooling water pump 15. Coal hopper 3. Transmission line (3phase) 16. Pulverized fuel mill 4. Unit transformer (3phase) 17. Boiler drum 5. Electric generator (3phase) 18. Ash hopper 6. Low pressure turbine 19. Super heater 7. Condensate extraction pump 20. Forced draught fan 8. Condenser 21. Reheater 9. Intermediate pressure 22. Air intake Turbine 23. Economizer 10. Steam governor valve 24. Air preheater 11. High pressure turbine 25. Precipitator 12. Deaerator 26. Induced draught 13. Feed Heater fan 27. Chimney Stack

Steam

Rankine cycle

Reheat

Steam generator

By products
Bottom ash
Fly ash Carbon dioxide (CO2)

Sulfur dioxide (SO2)

Nitrogen oxide (NOx) CO, Hydrocarbons, Mercury etc

Fly ash
Removed from the flue gas by electrostatic precipitators

(using the force of an induced electrostatic charge) or fabric bag filters. Harmful effects- defect lungs, contaminate water Uses- binder and filler in concrete Pozzolanic reaction CH + SH CSH

Bottom ash
Collected in water filled hoppers

Harmful effects- require land for disposal

Uses- aggregate in road construction and concrete

Carbon dioxide (CO2)

Disposed to atmosphere through stack Harmful effects- cause global warming Emission Can be reduced using clean coal technology

India

Emits 4% of total emission Lowest per capita in the world Nitrogen oxide (NOx) NOx leads to formation of ozone (smog) harmful effects- inflames the lungs, burning through lung Treated by ammonia NOx + NH3 N2 + H2O

sulfur dioxide (SO2) Harmful effects- major cause of acid rain Treated by Scrubbing (flue gas desulfurization ) different types- wet scrubbing spray dry wet sulfuric acid process SNOX flue gas desulfurization 1. CaCO3 (solid) + SO2 (gas) CaSO3 (solid) + CO2 (gas) 2. SO2 + O2 SO3 SO3 + H2O H2SO4 (used for commercial purposes)

 India has an installed power capacity of approximately 170

MW (2009), which is 4% of the global capacity. Gap between peak electricity demand and production in India is 12% Coal provides nearly 70% of the countrys power, The total power production capacity from coal should reach 241 GW (241,000 MW) from the current 90 GW (90,000 MW) by2020. To sustain a 8-9% GDP growth over the long term, it will need to have 4,00,000 MW of installed capacity by 2020!