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Outline
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Introduction Literature review Physical aspect Discussion Conclusion
Introduction
Intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is the product of advances in the RT technology.
Aims to deliver radiation more precisely to the tumor while relatively limiting dose to the surrounding normal tissues. The purpose of this presentation is to discuss the new concept of IMRT, its physical aspect, its applications and comparison with other RT methods.
Literature Review
1950s the medical linear accelerator was developed and marketed to treat cancer. 1980s the 3D-Conformal Radiotherapy (3D-CRT) was introduced. 3D-CRT based on 3D dose planning system. Conform the shape of the radiation beam to that of the tumor. Problem: Cannot conform well to 3D objects due to the uniformity of beam strength. 30% of tumors exhibit concave features difficult conventional Conformal RT.
Literature Review
1960s IMRT was first conceptualized 1994 the 1st commercial IMRT delivery unit was introduced. IMRT An advanced form of 3D-CRT. Based on linear accelerator(LINAC) where the radiation intensity could be modulated during the treatment. The field is geometrically shaped by MLCs. The intensity is varied pixel-by-pixel within the shaped field.
Figure: differences between (a) conventional radiotherapy, (b) conformal radiotherapy (CFRT) without intensitymodulation and (c) CFRT with intensity modulation (IMRT).
Physical Aspect
IMRT combines two advanced concepts to deliver 3D CRT: 1. Inverse treatment planning with optimization by computer 2. computer-controlled intensity modulation of the radiation beam during treatment
Treatment planning
Based on Inverse planning 1. Initially, a CT scan is performed on the affected region. 2. A radiation oncologist defines the PTV 3. Enters the plan criteria: max dose, mini dose, desired -limiting dose(for critical structures) and a dose-volume histogram 4. Then, an optimisation program is run to find the treatment plan which best matches all the input criteria.
Planning
Treatment planning
Inverse planning methods are divided into:
A. Analytic methods B. Iterative methods Many computer programs use both methods to achieve a beam arrangement.
Analytic methods:
It a mathematical techniques in which the TV dose distribution depends on the point dose intensity.
Iterative methods:
It is a manual technique and the beamlets depends on the cost function that is the energy dose for each point in the TV.
Treatment accelerator
MLCs
L.A. must be equipped with computer-controlled MLCs MLCs consists of up to 120 individually adjusted metal leaves. The leaves move in & out contouring the radiation beam to the shape of the tumor & block out unwanted radiation.
MLC modes
A. Multi segmented static fields B. Dynamic delivery C. Intensity modulated arc therapy
Dynamic Delivery
Shift during delivery
The radiation is on all the time, even when the leaves are moving from one static subfield to the next.
An alternative to tomotherapy
Map of intensities calculated by inverse planning software for the beam shown on the LT.
Brain IMRT
Prostate IMRT
Conclusion
Both theoretical and clinical data have shown the benefits of IMRT Tumor dose esclation and critical organ sparing would not be a problem IMRT holds promise in radiation oncology in the new century More clinical data are needed to confirm the potential promise.
A smiling face demonstrating how radiation can be deposited in almost any pattern.
Thank you
References
http://bjr.birjournals.org/cgi/content/full/76/910/678 http://www.cancernews.com/data/Article/259.asp http://www.oncolink.org/treatment/article.cfm?c=5&s=33&id=181 http://www.sinaigrace.org/?id=351 http://www.asco.org/ascov2/Meetings/Abstracts? &vmview=abst_detail_view&confID=52&abstractID=40388 http://www.oralcancerfoundation.org/facts/pdf/radiation_types.pdf http://www.fchp.org/providers/medicalmanagement/~/media/Files/FCHP/ Imported/IMRTBreast.pdf.ashx http://www.oncolink.org/treatment/article.cfm?c=5&s=33&id=181 http://www.cancerinfotech.com/igrt.asp The Physics of Radiation Therapy - 3rd Edition - Faiz M. Khan