WHAT IS QUALITY?

It generally signifies the degree of its excellence. Fitness for the purpose. There can no absolute quality rating for a product ,without relation to its intended use. Quality is conformance to requirement or specification.

Quality characteristics
The quality of a product consists of a number of elements, each of which has a definite function that contributes to making the product fit for its intended use. These elements such as shape ,size, or physical, chemical or sensory properties are the building block of product quality and are called quality characteristics.

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There are two types of product quality characteristics: 1.Variable(that can be measured ) eg;diameter, weight etc 2.Attributes -those characteristics that cannot be measured they are either present Or absent. eg;color of cloths

Quality control
According to American society of quality(ASQ) ,quality control is the set of observation techniques and activities used to fulfill requirements for quality.

Quality control
Evolution of Quality control: The historical evolution of Total Quality Management has taken place in four stages. They can be categorized as follows: 1. Quality inspection 2. Quality control 3. Quality assurance 4. Total Quality Management. Quality assurance (ensure that all requirement and consumer expectations)

Changing quality concepts

Since quality is a measure of the user satisfaction provided by a product ,it should include the following characteristics: Functional efficiency Ease of installation and operation Safety Reliability Maintainability's Running and maintenance

Difference b/w old &new concept

OLD CONCEPT High quality high cost Product Managers think while workers follow Quality department responsibility is to give quality products Product quality Inventory is necessary. Manufacturing related problems

NEW CONCEPT High quality lowest total life cost Product & service Workers know about job Everyone is responsible for quality Process quality Inventory is wasteful or zero inventory Total organization related problem

TQM Modern Concept

improving quality means, among other things, making less faulty products with the same amount of effort or cost which usually gives a lower unit cost.

PRINCIPLES OF TQM
TQM is a way of managing to improve the effectiveness, flexibility & competitiveness of a business. Eight quality management principle that can help an organization Improve their product and service quality are defined by international organization of standardization. Customer focus Leadership(unity) Involvement of people Process approach System approach to management Continuous improvement Factual approach to decision making Mutually beneficial supplier relationships

QUALITY OF DESIGN
Quality of design depends on how well the customers requirements are converted into product. Requirements of customer is analyzed in terms of technical details and usefulness. Following points provide feedback to quality of design: 1 . Market research of consumer needs 2 . Specifications of Raw material Design of individual components Specification of products Testing and testing results Consideration of the process used

Factors affecting design quality:

Choice of right materials Selection of appropriate raw material shapes Design involving minimum no. of parts Use of standardization & variety reduction Reduction of material removed during processing Economic use of materials

Design concepts:
To achieve the desired quality of the product or service following are the concept which has to be keep in mind.
System synthesis Use of standard units & accessories Provision of parallel path for reliable operations

Control on purchased products

Purchasing is one of the elementary processes in manufacturing of product. so we can discuss the procurement and some supplier management practices Procurement procedure Supplier management Evaluation of suppliers Capacity verification Development of source

Control on purchased products

Procurement procedureGeneral procedure for procurement of various products are 1.purchese request 2.selection of potential suppliers for calling quotations. 3.call of quotation from suppliers 4.submission of quotations 5.negotiations 6.contract conclusion 7.delivery and inspection 8.payment

Supplier management
TQM related expectation from supplier Supplier are our important partners, so suppliers are required to follow the following guidelines: 1.strict compliance 2.assurance of quality's 3.fair price 4.observance of delivery date 5.Envirnmental considerations 6.Assurance of safety 7.Maintenance and after sale services

EVALUATION OF SUPPLIERS
You are required to determine which parameters are important for you, when evaluating your suppliers. It will include the parameters that have an effect on your product quality, these can be 1.Company profile a. Ownership b. Global ability c. Dependency

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2. Management Operations management(long term business plan) Customer satisfaction Quality work procedure(quality development awards) Risk management 3.Envinonment

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4.Quality a. quality planning and part quality assurance b. quality performance of deliveries c. reliability d. problem solving 5. logistics

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6.After market support a.co-operation and after market support b. warranty 7.Competence a. product and industrial technology b. Industrial engineering c. Customer support and communication d. Electronic communication

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8.Economy Financial evaluation Payment terms 10.productivity a. process of internal cost reduction b .Cost targets

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11.Purshesing Sourcing process Subcontractor performance

CAPACITY VARIFICATION
Only those suppliers having the suitable capacity and infrastructure to manufacture parts up to required specification can be given orders. Verification can be done taking into account the following points: 1.manufacturing plant &machinery. 2.manufaturing process 3.testing facility

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4.In-house quality control 5.manpower resources 6.adequaty of infrastructure facilities 7.general Development of resources

Manufacturing quality
Method of manufacturing Method of inspection Acceptance sampling Quality in sales and services Guarantee Analysis of clams

Methods of manufacturing
1.Metal casting : permanent mold. 2.Machining: turning, drilling, milling, planning, ultrasonic machining. 3.Metal forming &shapingrolling, forging, extrusion, drawing, sheet forming

4.Finishing operations:- polishing , coating , and plating process

5.Joining: -welding, soldering, mechanical joining. 6.Plastic molding &forming:-compression molding , injection molding,

Method of production
There are three methods of production that are commonly used 1. Mass production(high production rate) 2.Batch production(small batches ) 3.Job production (single project)

Method of inspection
Production line inspection In this method ,at the end of a production line the inspector gives final approval whether or not parts are good. Inspection by workers Workers inspect the item from the prior operation before proceeding.

Method of technical inspection

1oo percent inspection 100% inspection is the inspection of each unit of incoming material individually . 100% inspection is boring , time-consuming and costly. 100% inspection is not possible when. Testing is destructive. Inspection cost are extremely high. Time is constraint. Lot size are very large.

Acceptance sampling
It is the inspection of a small batch of material from a lot to determine whether to accept or reject . Focus only quality of out put. Advantage of sampling inspection over 100% inspection 1.Economical 2.Low handling damage during inspection 3.Applicable to destructive testing

Types of sampling plans

Single sampling plan Double sampling plan Multiple sampling plan Sequential sampling plan

Planning of Sales and Services

Maintenance and repair
(a) Creation of service organization (b) setting up repair facilities (c) feed back repair problem

Product-Selling Model

FIGURE

7.1

krishna Institute of Engineering & Technology

Guarantee of quality
1. Field service data 2. Identification of part 3.Term of guarantee (a) period of validity (b) liability of Manufacturer (c) Procedure of submitting guarantee claim. (d) condition which make guarantee invalid.