Operating Systems

By: Team 11 Karthikeyan A. (P122018) Mohit Taneja (P122023) Pooja Gupta (P122033) Prarthana Verma Nayyar (P122034)

Contents
What is OS? Objectives of an OS Types of OS Features of an OS

What is Operating Systems?

1960s definition of an operating system is the software that controls the hardware A set of software that manages computer hardware resources and provides common services for computer programs A program that controls the execution of application programs An interface between applications and hardware

Objectives of an OS
To hide details of hardware by creating abstraction
provide subroutines called device drivers that perform operations on behalf of programs introduces new functions as it abstracts the hardware transforms the computer hardware into multiple virtual computers, each belonging to a different program. Each program that is running is called a process. Each process views the hardware through the lens of abstraction enforce security through abstraction

To allocate resources to processes (Manage Resources) Provide a pleasant and effective user interface

Objectives of an OS
Convenience Efficiency Ability to evolve Permit effective development, testing, and introduction of new system functions without interfering with service

Types of OS
Real-Time Operating System (RTOS)
Used to control machinery, scientific instruments and industrial systems (embedded systems, industrial robots, and scientific research equipment) User interface compatibility is low Manage resources of the computer, so that a particular operation executes in precisely the same amount of time. Every time it occurs Doesnt guarantee final results or deadlines use specialized scheduling algorithms Valued more for how quickly and/or periodically it responds to a particular event than for the given amount of work it can perform over time Eg: Sabre (reservations), VISA Inc (Authorizations), Holiday Inn (Central reservations), NYPD (911 system)

Types of OS
Single User, Single Task
Only one user at a time can effectively do one thing at a time Palm OS

Single User, Multitasking

Lets a user use several programs in operation at the same time Microsoft Windows and Apples Mac OS

Multi-User
Allows many different users to take advantage of computers resources simultaneously Unix, VMS and Mainframes

Features of an OF
Program execution Interrupts Protected mode and Supervisor mode Memory management Job scheduling Interpretation of commands and instructions Multitasking Disk access and file systems Device drivers Produce error messages Networking Security

Operating System Structure

A mobile OS is a software platform on top of which other programs called application programs, can run on mobile devices such as PDA, cellular phones, smartphone and etc.
Applications OS Libraries

Device Operating System Base, Kernel Low-Level Hardware, Manufacturer Device Drivers

Mobile Operating System Platforms

There are many mobile operating systems. The followings demonstrate the most important ones: Java ME Platform Palm OS Symbian OS Linux OS Windows Mobile OS BlackBerry OS iPhone OS Google Android Platform

Symbian OS
Symbian OS is 32 bit, little-endian operating system, running on different flavors of ARM architecture[4].

It is a multitasking operating system and very less dependence on peripherals. Kernel runs in the privileged mode and exports its service to user applications via user libraries.

Symbian OS Structure
User libraries include networking, communication, I/O interfaces and etc. Access to these services and resources is coordinated through a client-server framework. Clients use the service APIs exposed by the server to communicate with the server. The client-server communication is conducted by the kernel.

Symbian OS Structure
Platform Security [6]: Symbian provides a security mechanism against malware. It allows sensitive operations can be accessed by applications which have been certified by a signing authority. In addition, it supports full encryption and certificate management, secure protocols ( HTTPS, TLS and SSL) and WIM framework.

Windows Mobile OS
Windows Mobile is a compact operating system designed for mobile devices and based on Microsoft Win32.

It is run on Pocket PCs, Smartphones and Portable media centers. It provides ultimate interoperability. Users with various requirements are able to manipulate their data.

Google Android Platform

It is a platform and an operating system for mobile devices based on the Linux operating system. It allows developers design applications in a java-like language using Google-developed java libraries. It supports a wide variety of connectivity such as GSM, WiFi, 3G, The Operating system has not been implemented yet (Feb, 2008). Several prototypes have been proposed.

Google Android Platform

Android architecture: http://code.google.com/android/what-isandroid.html

iPhone OS
Mac OS X has a preemptive multitasking environment. Preempting is the act of taking the control of operating system from one task and giving it to another task. It supports real-time behavior. In Mac OS X, each application has access to its own 4 GB address space.

iPhone OS
Not any application can directly modify the memory of the kernel. It has a strong mechanism for memory protection. For more details about kernel architecture, please visit the following link: http://developer.apple.com/documentation/D arwin/Conceptual/KernelProgramming/Archit ecture/Architecture.html

References
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_syste m http://www.personal.kent.edu/~rmuhamma/ OpSystems/os.html http://www.slideshare.net/fvsandoval/lesson4-types-of-operating-systems