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1. Disciplined planning
2. Realistic objectives 3. Unambiguous communication 4. Allows management by exception of critical tasks
Project Management
Consider precedence relationships and interdependencies Each uses a different estimate of activity times
A A B
B
B (c)
Figure 3.5
A C
B A C
A
(e) B
Figure 3.5
C
D
C cannot begin until both A and B are completed; D cannot begin until B is completed. A dummy activity is introduced in AOA
A B
C
Dummy activity
A (f)
B C
A
Dummy activity
B C
Figure 3.5
Project Exercise 1
Project 1: Verification of a computer system
The followng table shows the activities required for this project. Activity ID 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Duration (Days) 4 6 7 4 5 2 9 1 2
Activity Test Module A Test Module B Test Module C Test Combined Modules Check User Documents Print User Documents Final Systems Check Prepare Invoice Ship to Customer
Immediate Predecessor none Test Module A none Test Module B, Test Module C Test Combined Modules Check User Documents Test Combined Modules Final Systems Check Print User Documents, Final Systems Check
Drawing exercise 1
Activity A B C D E F G Predecessors A A B,C C D E,F
Drawing exercise 2
Activity A B C D E F G Predecessors A,B A,B C C,D F
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Scheduling calculations:
1. Forward pass Start each activity as early as possible. ES = Max. EF of immediate predecessors EF = ES + Task time
2. Backward pass Work backward from the project completion time in step 1, starting each activity as late as possible. LS = LF Task time LF = Min. LS of immediate successors
3. Compute slack times. Slack = LS ES or LF EF
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Description Edit script Casting Special effects Build sets Horror scenes Other scenes Previews Edit film
Task # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Days 2 1 2 2 3 1 1 2
1 1 3 2 5 5
4 4 6
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#7 (1 Day) Previews
#2 (1 day) Casting
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Project Exercise 1
Project 1: Verification of a computer system
The followng table shows the activities required for this project. Activity ID 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Duration (Days) 4 6 7 4 5 2 9 1 2
Activity Test Module A Test Module B Test Module C Test Combined Modules Check User Documents Print User Documents Final Systems Check Prepare Invoice Ship to Customer
Immediate Predecessor none Test Module A none Test Module B, Test Module C Test Combined Modules Check User Documents Test Combined Modules Final Systems Check Print User Documents, Final Systems Check
Example
Activity Time Preceded By A 10 -B 7 -C 5 A D 13 A E 4 B,C F 12 D G 14 E
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AON Example
Milwaukee Paper Manufacturing's Activities and Predecessors
Activity A B C
D E F Immediate Predecessors
Description Build internal components Modify roof and floor Construct collection stack
Pour concrete and install frame Build high-temperature burner Install pollution control system
A
A, B C C
G
H
D, E
F, G
Table 3.1
C E H
Start
Figure 3.8
Computing Variance
Optimistic Activity
a
Most Likely
m
Pessimistic
b
Expected Time
t = (a + 4m + b)/6
Variance
[(b a)/6]2
A B C D E F G H
1 2 1 2 1 1 3 1
2 3 2 4 4 2 4 2
3 4 3 6 7 9 11 3
2 3 2 4 4 3 5 2
Time-cost tradeoffs
Activity direct costs Crash Activity fully expedited
Direct cost
Normal No expediting
Time
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Time
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Total cost
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