Double Circuit

To increase power transfer capacity from one point to another point,

transmission lines run in parallel, normally on the same tower are called
as Double circuit
If these circuits are on the same tower, the effect of self and mutual
inductances are more than if they are on the different towers.
The inductance per conductor of 1-phase two wire composite
conductors is


sA
m
D
D
ln 10 2 L
7
A

=
observation from the above eqn:
For low inductance D
m
should be low and D
s
must be as high
as possible. Therefore the rule is to separate the individual conductors
on the same phase as widely as possible and keep the distance
between the phases as small.
Inductance of single phase
double circuit line
D
2
D
1
a
1
a
2
b
1
b
2
Wire A
Wire B
A
a
1
a
2
B
b
1
b
2
Fig: Double circuit single phase transmission line
Where m=n=2
Let all the conductors having same radius R,

( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
4
1
2 1 2 2 1 2 1 1
2 1
2 1 2 2 2
1 2 1 1 1
1
'
1
'
4
1
2
1
sa sa 2 1
2
1
sa 2
2
1
sa 1
D R D R

D D a and a wires of pair of GMD self Equivalent
D , a conductor of GMD self The
D , a conductor of GMD self The
=
=
=
=
=
a a a a a a a a
a a a a
a a a a
D D D D
D D
D D
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
H/m
.
D . D
ln 10 2
.
D . D
ln 10 4 ln 10 2 2
parallel] in are conductors the [ L 2 is conductor each of inductance The
D . D
D . D . D . D D D D D D
D D GMD Mutual Equivalent
D D D wire, b' ' in current to due a conductor of GMD Mutual
D D D wire, b' ' in current to due a conductor of GMD Mutual
2
1
1
'
2
2
2
1 2 7 -
2
1
1
'
2
2
2
1 2 7 - 7 -
a
2
1
2
2
2
1 2
4
1
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
1 2
4
1
b a b a b a b a ma
2
1
ma ma
2
1
b a b a ma 2
2
1
b a b a ma 1
2 2 1 2 2 1 1 1
2 1
2 2 1 2 2
2 1 1 1 1
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
+ =
+ + = =
=
=
=
D R
D
D R
D
D
D
D
D D
sa
ma

Inductance of Double circuit 3-

phase Transmission Lines
Inductance with symmetrical spacing
D
a
b
2D
\3 D
a
b
c
C
For symmetrical spacing, the
conductors must be placed at
the vertices of a regular hexagon
as shown in fig.
Conductors a, b and c belong
to one circuit and a, b and c
are second circuit
b b
D
ab
=D
bc
=D
ca
=D
ab
=D
bc
=D
ca
=D
D
ca
=D
cb
=D
ab
=D
ba
=D
ac
=D
bc
=\3 D
D
aa
=D
bb
=D
cc
=2D
Assume it as balaced systemj,
i.e I
a
+I
b
+I
c
=0
And radius of each conductor is R
a c
C
D
ca
D
ac
D
ca
D
ac
a
Method 1: Flux linkage approach
H/m
2
3
ln 10 2 L
m / T - wb
2
3
ln 10 2
2
3
ln 10 2
I - I I since
3
1
ln
3
1
ln
2
1
ln 10 2
1
ln
3
1
ln
3
1
ln
1
ln
2
1
ln
1
ln 10 2
'
7
a
'
7
'
2
7
a c b
2 2 '
7
'
7
R
D
R
D
I
D R
D
I
D
I
D
I
D R
I
D D
I
D D
I
D R
I
a a
a
c b a
c b a a

=
|
|
.
|

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=
|
|
.
|

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|
=
= +
(

|
.
|

\
|
+ |
.
|

\
|
+ |
.
|

\
|
=
(

|
.
|

\
|
+ + |
.
|

\
|
+ + |
.
|

\
|
+ =

Method 2: GMR and GMD approach

( )
( )
( ) ( )
'
4
2
' 2
4 ' '
4
a a
'
aa
'
4 2
1
8
1
4
8
8
1
8
1
c a b a c a b a ac ab
ac ab
2 D 4
D 2 . D.R 2 . R D . R . D . R
a' ' phase of GMR) (or GMD Self
3 3 D. 3 D
3 D. . . 3 D. . 3 . 3 D.
D D D D D D D D a' ' phase of GMD Mutual
' '
' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
DR R
D
D D D D D
= =
= =
= = |
.
|

\
|
=
=
=
Inductance of phase A,

H/m
2
3
ln 10 2
L 2 be will conductor each of Inductance
/
2
3
ln 10
2
. 3
ln 10 2
ln 10 2 L
'
7 -
A
'
7
'
4
7
7
A
|
|
.
|

\
|
=

|
|
.
|

\
|
= =
|
|
.
|

\
|
=

R
D
m H
R
D
DR
D
D
D
SA
m
Inductance of 3-phase un symmetrically
spaced (transposed) Lines
a
a
b
b
c
c
a a
b
b
c
c
a
a b
b
c
c
A
B
C
a
a
b
b
c
c a
a
b
b
c
c
X
Y
z
v

v
Method 1:Flux linkage method
(

+ + =
(

|
|
.
|

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|
+ +
|
.
|

\
|
+ +
|
.
|

\
|
+ =
(

+ + =
(

|
|
.
|

\
|
+ +
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ +
|
.
|

\
|
+ =
(

+ + =
(

|
.
|

\
|
+ +
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ +
|
.
|

\
|
+ =

vy vx z R
y v x v z R
vy vy x R
y v y v x R
vx vy z R
x v y v z R
1
ln I
2
1
ln I
1
ln I 10 2
1
ln
1
ln I
1
ln
2
1
ln I
1
ln
1
ln I 10 2
1
ln I
1
ln I
1
ln I 10 2
1
ln
1
ln I
1
ln
1
ln I
1
ln
1
ln I 10 2
2
1
ln I
1
ln I
1
ln I 10 2
1
ln
2
1
ln I
1
ln
1
ln I
1
ln
1
ln I 10 2
c b
'
a
7
c b
'
a
7
a3
c b
'
a
7
c b
'
a
7
a2
c b
'
a
7
c b
'
a
7
a1

( )
( )
( )
H/m
'
2 ln 10 2
'.
. . 2
ln 10 2
'
2
ln
3
10 2

2
1
ln
'
1
ln
3
10 2

. . 2
1
ln
' . ' . R
1
ln
3
10 2

. . 2
1
ln
2 . .
1
ln
' . ' . R
1
ln
3
10 2

3
be will a conductor of linkage flux average The
3
2
3 7
3
2
3
2
3
7
2
3
2 3 7
2 3
2
3
7
'
7
'
7
3 2 1
a
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=
(
(

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|

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=
(
(

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|

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|

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|

=
(

|
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|
+ +
|
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=
(

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|
+
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|
+
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|

=
+ +
=

z
y
R
v
I
z R
y v
I
xz R
xy v
I
xy v
I
xz R
I
vy vy vx
I I
z R x R z
I
vy vy vx
I
vx vy vy
I
z R x R z
I
a
a a
a a
c b a
c b a
a a a

Method 2: GMR and GMD approach

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
6
1
3
1
2
1
6
1
12
1
12
1
4
12
1
6
12
1
3
4
1
2 4 6
3
4
1
2
4
1
2 2
4
1
2
3
3 2 1 m
4
2 8
2
2
8
2
3
4
2 2 8
2
2 2
8
8
c' a' b' a' c a' b a' ac' ab' ac ab 2
4
1
2
8
1
2
2 8
2
2
8
8
c' a' b' a' c a' b a' ac' ab' ac ab 1
. . . 2 . . . 4 . . . 4
2 2 GMD . GMD . GMD D
system, the of GMD Equivalent
2 2 . 2 . . . . 2 GMD
. . . . . . . .
D . .D D . D D . D . D . D GMD
2 2 2 2 . . . . . . 2 .
D . .D D . D D . D . D . D GMD
ly respective 3 & 1,2 position in A' ' phase of GMD Mutual
x y v x y v x y v
xy v y v yx v
xy v xy v xy v y x v v
y v y v y y v v y y v v
yx v yx v yx v v v x y x y v v
= = =
= =
= = =
= = =
=
= = = =
=
3
1
6
1
2
1
3
3 2 1 s
4
4
a a' aa' 3
4
4
a a' aa' 2
4
4
a a' aa' 1
z x R' .GMR .GMR GMR D
GMR, or GMD self Equivalent
R'.z R'.z.R'.z D R' D R' GMR
R'.x R'.x.R'.x D R' D R' GMR
R'.z R'.z.R'.z D R' D R' GMR
A' ' phase of GMD Self
= =
= = =
= = =
= = =
( )
H/m
R'.z
.v.y 2
ln 10 2 L 2 L
is conductor each of Inductance
H/m
R'.z
.v.y 2
ln 10
.z .x R'
.x .y .v 2
ln 10 2
D
D
ln 10 2 L
phase per Inductance
3
2
3
2
3
1
7
A a
3
2
3
2
3
1
7
3
1
6
1
2
1
6
1
3
1
2
1
6
1
7
SA
m
7
A
|
|
.
|

\
|
= =
|
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.
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\
|
=
= =

Bundled conductors
>230kV not possible to use round single conductor
A bundle conductor is made up of 2 or more conductors
and is used as one phase conductor
Stranded or composite conductors touch each other,
however bundled conductors are separated from each
other by 30cm or more and each phase are connected
by conducting wire at particular length

d
Fig: Bundled conductors Fig: stranded conductors
Advantages of bundled conductors
Reduced corona loss
Reduced voltage gradient at the surface of
the conductor
Increase in capacitance
Large loading capability
Reduced radio interference
Reduced surge impedance

Inductance of bundled conductors
The geometric mean radius (GMR) of two-conductor bundle is given by



where D
s
is the GMR of conductor. The GMR for three-conductor and four-
conductor bundles are given respectively by





5
4
3
2
6
n
u R
R
O
1
( )
| |
( )
( ) | |
( )
n n
k
n
n
sn
n
sn
k
n R R
n R R
R
D
D
1
1
1
1
n

b
sL
1n 14
13 12 11
s1
1
b
sL
s2 s1
1
s3 s2 s1
b
sL
sin 2R r'
1 sin 2 ..... .......... sin2 2R . sin 2 r'. D
1 sin 2 D .. .......... sin3 2 D
; sin2 2R D ; sin 2 D ; r' D
D D conductor sub each of GMR
......... D D since
........ D . D . D D
r' ' as conductor sub each of radius the and
R radius of ring a around placed lly symmetrica and
currents equal carrying conductors sub similar n Let
(

=
=
= =
= = =
=
= = =
=
[

u
u u u
u u
u u
( )
H/m
D
D
ln 10 2 L
lines conductor bundled of Inductance
,
D D D D
is GMD Mutual
b
sL
b
m
7 -
3
1
CA BC AB
b
m
=
=
theref ore