IT PRESENTATION

ON EMBEDDED IN 8051

Submitted by
Sanchit Gupta Arjun Gupta Sidharth Gupta

: About Advanced technologies :

Advanced technologies is specialized in embedded system and provide solutions in embedded system, VLSI, DSP and embedded wireless. It provides solutions including manufacturing two Indian industry and defense in demanding fields like instrumentation , communication , noise etc.

A Tech. is team of 20 engineers expertise in DSP , microcontroller , VLSI , analog , power , communication and software.

-: Project:- RF based Robotic toy car using 8051 :-

EMBEDDED SYSTEM
1. An embedded system is a computer system designed for specific control functions within a larger system, often with realtime computing constraints. 2. It is embedded as part of a complete device often including hardware and mechanical parts. By contrast, a general-purpose computer, such as a personal computers (PC), is designed to be flexible and to meet a wide range of end-user needs. Embedded systems control many devices in common use today.

EMBEDDED APPLICATIONS
AUTOMOBILES MEDICAL ELECTRONICS BUSINESS APPLICATIONS

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS
AVIONICS DEFENSE

Criteria to choose a microcontroller

Speed

Packaging
Power consumption

The amount of RAM and ROM on chip

The number of I/O pins and the timer on Chip

Cost per unit

Availability of software development tools, such as compilers, assemblers, and debuggers

What is RF .?
Radio frequency (RF) is a rate of oscillation in the range of about 3khz to 300 Ghz, which corresponds to the frequency of radio waves , and the alternating currents which carry radio signals. RF usually refers to electrical rather than mechanical oscillations, although mechanical RF systems do exist.

Frequency Bands of RF
Band Range Data speed Application Animal identification, factory data collection Smart cards

120150 kHz (LF)

10 cm

Low
Low to moderate Moderate

13.56 MHz (HF)

1m

433 MHz (UHF)

1100 m

Defence applications

868-870 MHz (Europe) 902-928 MHz (North America) UHF

2450-5800 MHz (microwave) 3.110 GHz (microwave)

12km

Moderate to high

EAN, various standards

120km
upto 200km

High
High

802.11 WLAN, Bluetooth standards

requires semi-active or active tags

ROBOTICS
A robot is a mechanical device that can perform tasks automatically. It may but need not be humanoid in appearance. Robotics includes the knowledge of Mechanical, Electronics, Electrical & Computer Science Engineering.

TYPES OF ROBOTS: ON BASIS OF CONTROL

Types of Robot -On Basis Of locomotion or kinematics

WHEELED

LEGGED

FLYING

CLIMBING

WHY ROBOTICS ?
Speed It can work hazardous/dangerous environment To perform repetitive task Efficiency Accuracy Adaptability

RECEIVING END

P89V51RD2
The NXP (founded by phillips) P89V51RD2 is a 40 MHZ , 5 volt 8051 based microcontroller with 32 I/O lines, 3 timers/counters,9 interrupts , 4 priority levels , 64k flash and 1k on-chip RAM

MAX-IC

The MAX232 is an integrated circuit, first created by Maxim Integrated Products, that converts signals from an RS-232 serial port to signals suitable for use in TTL compatible digital logic circuits.

UART IN 8051
An UART, UNIVERSAL ASYNCHRONOUS RECEIVER / TRANSMITTER performs the main task in serial communications with computers. The device changes incoming parallel information to serial data which can be sent on a communication line A driver(MAX232) is used to convert TTL level to RS232 voltage level.

RS232 Line Type RS232 & Logic Level Voltage

TTL Voltage to/from MAX232

0V

Data Transmission (Rx/Tx) Logic 0

+3 V to +15 V

Data Transmission (Rx/Tx) Logic 1

Control Signals (RTS/CTS/DTR/DSR) Logic 0 Control Signals (RTS/CTS/DTR/DSR) Logic 1

-3 V to -15 V

5V

-3 V to -15 V

5V

+3 V to +15 V

0V

Stepper Motors
Used for measured rotation

Can be held at a particular position of the shaft Ideal for many autonomous robots requiring higher precision

Stepper Motor Working

1000

0100

0010

0001

Stepping Sequences for Single Coil Excitation Only one coil is active at a given instant of time

MOTOR DRIVER IC : L293D

FEATURES :
2 motors can be connected simultaneously 1.2A current output Enable facility Over-temperature protection

The Behaviour of Motor 1 for various input conditions are as follows

MOVEMENT STOP CLOCKWISE ANTI-CLOCKWISE STOP LOW LOW HIGH HIGH

A LOW HIGH LOW HIGH

MAIN FEATURES : HT12D & HT12E

HT12D coverts serial data to parallel

HT12E converts parallel data to serial

Operating voltage: 2.4V~12V Low standby current 12-bit encoder- decoder Built-in oscillator needs only 5% resistor Minimal external components Easy interface with an RF transmitter

TRANSMITTER

RECIEVER

DATA FLOW

CODING
#include<reg51.h> sbit mtr1_r = P0^0; sbit mtr1_b = P0^1; sbit mtr2_r = P0^2; sbit mtr2_b = P0^3; void main() { P2 = 0x00; P1 = 0xff; while(1) { if(P1==0xf1) { mtr1_r=mtr2_b=1; mtr1_b=mtr2_r=0; } else if(P1==0xf8) { mtr1_r=mtr2_b=0; mtr1_b=mtr2_r=1; } else if(P1==0xf2) { mtr1_r=0; mtr1_b=mtr2_r=mtr2_b=1; } else if(P1==0xf4) { mtr2_b=0; mtr1_r=mtr1_b=mtr2_r=1; } else { mtr1_r=mtr2_b=mtr1_b=mtr2_r=0; } } }

FUTURE SCOPE

RF BASED CAR CAN BE A HELPFUL IN SURVEILLANCE AT UNREACHABLE OR HAZARDOUS OR RADIOACTIVE PLACES BY PLACING A CAMERA ON TOP TO DETECT MINES BY PLACING METAL DETECTOR ON TOP

-: FINAL PROJECT

(SNAPSHOTS) :-

TRANSMITTER

RECIEVER