THE EARLY UTOPIA

TOWN PLANNING

THE EARLY UTOPIANS

IN 1797, IN ENGLAND, THE SOCIETY FOR BETTERING THE CONDITION OF THE INDUSTRIAL WORKERS WAS FORMED. EFFORTS WERE DONE TO UPLIFT THE DEPRESSED CONDITIONS OF HOUSING OF THE WORKING CLASS CAUSES : THEY WERE DEPENDED ON THE MASS OF WORKERS DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY. THEY WANTED TO RELIEVE THE BURDEN OF THE MIDDLE OF THE WORKERS

EV O LU TI O N

A NUMBER OF UTOPIAN COMMUNITIES WERE FORMED UTOPIA REFERS TO - AN IDEALLY PERFECT PLACE, ESPECIALLY IN ITS SOCIAL, POLITICAL, AND MORAL ASPECTS.

ROBERT OWEN
WAS THE PROPRIETOR OF A COTTON MILL IN NEW LANARK IN MANCHESTER ,ENGLAND HE PROPOSED A PLAN FOR A UTOPIAN COMMUNITY HE WAS SUCCESSFUL IN INTRODUCING THE REFORMS IN WORKING CONDITION ,HOURS ,AND WAGES FOR THE WORKERS. IN 1816, CAME OUT WITH AN UNUSUAL PLAN FOR A COOPERATIVE COMMUNITY NEW HARMONY THAT COMBINED - INDUSTRY AND AGRICULTURE. HE ASSUMED THAT HIS COMMUNITY WOULD BECOME SELF - SUPPORTING AND THEREBY REDUCE THE HEAVY COST OF PUBLIC RELIEF.

IN TR O D U C TI O N

PLANNING FEATURE
DWELLINGS WERE GROUPED ABOUT A LARGE OPEN SPACE IN WHICH COMMUNAL BUILDINGS WERE LOCATED . DWELLINGS WERE SURROUNDED BY LARGE GARDEN . ENTIRE AREA WAS ENCIRCLED BY MAIN ROADWAYS. FACTORIES AND WORKSHOP WERE LOCATED ALONG THE OUTSIDE BOUNDARY OF THE COMMUNITY ON ONE SIDE. ON THE OTHER SIDE WAS THE AGRICULTURE BELT WHICH RANGED IN SIZE FROM 1000 TO 1500 ACRES. WAS DESIGNED FOR ABOUT 1200 PEOPLE

R O BE RT O W E N

NEW HARMONY,

Posey County, Indiana R O BE RT O W E N

NEW HARMONY IS A HISTORIC TOWN IN POSEY COUNTY, INDIANA, 15 MILES (24 KM) NORTH OF MOUNT VERNON, ON THE WABASH RIVER. THE COUNTRY-SIDE POPULATION WAS 916. LOCATED AT 38743N, 87563W THE COMMUNITY COVERS AN AREA OF 30,000 ACRES (121 KM) CAUSES OF FAILURE LACK OF INDIVIDUAL SOVEREIGNTY ABSENCE OF PRIVATE PROPERTIES AND PRIVACY DIFFERENCE OF OPINION, TASTES AND PURPOSES OF INDIVIDUALS INCREASE IN DEMANDS OF PEOPLE

NEW HARMONY,

Posey County, Indiana R O BE RT O W E N

NEW HARMONY,
COMMUNAL BUILDING

Posey County, Indiana

AGRICULTURAL FIELDS COMMUNAL BUILDING COMMUNAL BUILDING

SI TE
LA Y O U T

COMMUNAL BLDG

DWELLING UNITS SURROUNDE D BY GARDENS

MAIN ROADWAY LARGE OPEN SPACE FACTORIES & WORKSHOPS

J.S. BUCKINGHAM
ANOTHER UTOPIAN ENGLISH ARCHITECT IN 1849 PUBLISHED A TREATISE ENTITLED NATIONAL EVILS AND PRACTICAL REMEDIESIN WHICH HE DESCRIBED HIS PLAN FOR A MODEL TOWN FOR AN ASSOCIATED TEMPERANCE COMMUNITY OF ABOUT 10,000 INHABITANTS .

IN TR O D U C TI O N

PLANNING FEATURE
CREATED DISTINCTION AMONGST VARIOUS CLASSES HE PLACED FINNER HOUSE NEAR THE CENTRE OF HIS TOWN. THE HUMBLER DWELLINGS AND WORKSHOPS OF THE WORKING CLASS ABOUT THE PERIPHERY. W O R K S H O P

LOWER CLASS DWELLING

J.S. BU CKI NG HA M

SUPERIOR DWELLINGS INDUSTRIES

SOME GENUINE CHANGES

MOST UTOPIAN PROPOSALS WERE NOT EXECUTED . FOCUSED ATTENTION UPON THE GROWING EVILS OF THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT . THE WEALTHY CLASSES COULD ISOLATE THEMSELVES FROM MANY UNDESIRABLE FEATURES OF URBAN LIVING ,SO THEY WERE NOT IMMUNE TO DISEASE. IN THE CONGESTED URBAN AREAS ,SIX AND SEVEN STORY TENEMENTS WERE CONSTRUCTED WITH LITTLE IMPROVEMENT IN PLAN AND DESIGN OVER PREVIOUS BUILDINGS SUBURBS OF SINGLE HOUSES WERE BUILT ON THE OUTSKIRTS OF THE CITIES .

 ATTENTION WAS TO ENCOURAGE HOME OWNERSHIP. THE POSSIBILITY OF SELLING THESE DWELLINGS AT HANDSOME PROFITS REMOVED THEM FROM THE INCOME GROUP MOST INDEED OF IMPROVED HOUSING . TOO EXPENSIVE FOR THE VAST NUMBER OF LOW PAID WORKERS ,THEY BECAME NO MORE THEN MIDDLE CLASS SUBURBS .

MODEL TOWN
WITH THE DESIRABILITY OF GOOD HOUSING FOR THE INDUSTRIAL WORKERS STIMULATED BY UNEXECUTED PROPSALS OF THE UTOPIANS INDUSTRIALISTS UNDERTOOK TO BUILT MODEL TOWNS MANY TOWNS WERE ESTABLISHED

EV O LU TI O N

TYPICAL PLAN
560 houses,28 ft wide Arcade for workshop Public building churches Central square

24 mansion 80 ft wide
School, bath ,dinning halls Retail shops

Winter promenade arcade

1000 house 20 ft wide

120 houses 54 ft wide

296 houses,38 ft wide

BESS BROOK
AGRICUTURAL FIELDS INDUSTRIES HOUSING FOR WORKERS

M O D EL T O W N

BESS BROOK
AGRICUTURAL FIELDS HOUSING FOR WORKER WITH GARDENS IN FRONT

M O D EL T O W N

INDUSTRIES

BOURNEVILLE
SOUTH SIDE OF BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND GEOGRE CADBURY, ENGLISH CHOCOLATE MANUFACTURER SHIFTED HIS PLANT TO THIS SMALL TOWN CONTAINS 2,000 DWELLING UNITS WELL PLANNED HOUSES BIG GARDENS GE OR GE CA DB UR Y

PORT SUNLIGHT
IN 1886, LEVER BROTHER, FAMOUS SOAP MANUFACTURER, BUILT PORT SUNLIGHT NEAR LIVERPOOL LARGE BLOCKS WERE USED AS INTERIOR GARDENSAND PLAY AREAS TOTAL SITE AREA WAS 550 ACRES A FUTURE- RUNNER OF FUTURE PLANNING LE VE R BR OT HE R

PORT SUNLIGHT
IN 1886, LEVER BROTHER, FAMOUS SOAP MANUFACTURER, BUILT PORT SUNLIGHT NEAR LIVERPOOL LARGE BLOCKS WERE USED AS INTERIOR GARDENSAND PLAY AREAS TOTAL SITE AREA WAS 550 ACRES A FUTURE- RUNNER OF FUTURE PLANNING LE VE R BR OT HE R

PORT SUNLIGHT
LE VE R BR OT HE R

PORT SUNLIGHT
LE VE R BR OT HE R

OUTCOMES
DID NOT CONTRIBUTED MUCH TO THE PROBLEM OF HOUSING IN FACTORY CENTRE DEMONSTRATED MSOME INTERNAL PLANNING ARRANGEMENT NO CITY PLANNING DURING THIS AREA INDUSTRIAL EXPANSION BLOTTED THE ORIGINAL PLANS OF THE CITIES DISTINCTION BETWEEN MAJOR AND MINOR ARTERIES IS SHOWN IN SOME OF THE EARLIER PLANS GRID IRON PLAN CAME INTO EXISTENCE THE PATTERN OF LAND DIVISION WAS THOROUGHLY BOUND WITHIN LEGAL ASPECTS NATURAL FEATURES RIVERS, MOUNTAINS AND VALLEY WERE IGNORED.

M O D EL T O E N

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Our soursc material includes :The Urban Pattern BY A.B.GULLIAN Net source wikipedia.com ` www.dictionary.com/encyclopedia http://www.reference.com/