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Milan
Overview of a CVT:
Varies the transmission ratio continuously Shifts automatically with an infinite number of ratios. Seamless power delivery Constantly changes its gear ratio to optimize engine efficiency Allows the engine to rev almost immediately to deliver maximum torque
Metal
History of CVTS:
1490:
Leonardo da Vinci drew sketches of his ideas for a CVT. 1886:The first CVT was built by Daimler and Benz. 1930s: GM developed a toroidal CVT. 1958: Daf (Netherlands) developed and produced a belt driven CVT for a 0.6L engine.
ADVANTAGES
Decreases engine fatigue Allows for an infinite number of gear ratios, maintaining the engine in its optimum power range More mechanically efficient than Automatic transmissions. Greater fuel efficiency than both manual and automatic transmissions.(Fuel savings of more than 17% have been achieved). Cheaper and lighter than Automatic trans. Smooth, responsive and quiet to drive Newer CVTs have a manual option, giving the driver more control, simulating a MT. CPU can be configured to suit a wide range of driving modes and styles.
DISADVANTAGES
Limited torque capacity when compared w/manual transmissions. Larger and more costly than manual transmissions. Rubber band effect.(SOLVED) Complacency by the automobile industry, unwilling to discard billions of dollars in development in MT & ATs.
CVT
AT
MT
Uses a pair of axially adjustable sets of pulley halves(Variators). Both pulleys have one fixed and one adjustable pulley halve. The transmission ratio is varied by adjusting the spacing between the pulleys in line with the circumference of the tapered pulley halves. A belt is used to transfers the engine's power from one shaft to another. The variators are adjusted hydraulically. When one pulley is varied, the other pulley must adapt itself inversely since the length of the belt is fixed.
belt rides lower or higher along the walls of the pulley, depending on driving conditions, thereby changing the gear ratio.
Gear_ratio
ro o ri i
Nissan Primera
Toyota Prius Honda Insight BMW Minicooper
1993 Williams/Renault FW15C CVT prototype 1994 FIA banned CVTs from F1 racing
Without as much development as the MT version, the experimental CVT Formula One was 1 second faster per lap.
MT
11.9 sec.
The Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) proved 35% more efficient than the Manual Transmission (MT). With same car and engine, the CVT takes only 75% of the time to accelerate to 100km/h, compared to the MT.
CVT Simulation:
Audi A6 Multitronic
0-60 mph Mileage 9.9 litre / 100km 10.6 liter 100km 9.7 litre / 100km
Audi A6 3.0 L
8.2 sec
9.4 sec
8.1 sec
Uses a multi-plate clutch instead of a torque converter The electronics detect uphill and downhill gradients, and assist the driver by compensating for the added load or boosting engine braking torque accordingly.
Uses rollers to transmit torque between the input disc (which connects the crankshaft) and output disc (which connects the driveshaft). A viscous fluid with high shear strength properties is fundamental in transmitting torque between rollers and discs. Rollers and discs never touch. The angle of the rollers changes relative to shaft position resulting in a change in gear ratio. The change in angle by a roller must be mirrored by the opposing roller.
Transmission ratios are achived using a typical Toroidal CVT. The torque converter is replaced by a Planetary gearset/multiple-clutch system. The Planetary gearset is engaged or disengaged depending on the TCVT ratio.
Input gears
Variator(TCVT)
Epicyclic gearset
FR chain
clutch
HIGH REGIME:
2nd Gear+
LOW REGIME:
Below 2nd Gear
CVT RATINGS:
AT RATINGS:
MT RATINGS:
Future of CVTs:
The internal combustion (IC) engine is nearing both perfection and obsolescence; advancements in fuel economy and emissions have effectively stalled. CVTs could potentially allow IC vehicles to meet the first wave of new fuel regulations As CVT development continues, costs will be reduced further and performance will continue to increase.
This cycle of improvement will ultimately give CVTs a solid foundation in the worlds automotive infrastructure.