Modern sewage treatment

Presented by : shubhi yadav

INTRODUCTION
Based on biological principles of sewage purification , where purification is brought about by the aerobic and anerobic bacteria Treatment may be divided into Primary Secondary

TYPES OF SEWAGE TREATMENT

PRIMARY
SCREENIN G GRIT CHAMBER PRIMARY SEDIMENTATI ON

SECONDARY

OTHERS

TRICKLING FILTER METHOD

ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS

Primary treatment
SCREENING Sewage arriving at a disposal work is first passed through a metal screen which intercepts large floating objects such as pieces of woods wrags. There removal is necessary to prevent clogging of treatment plant The screen consists of vertical steel bars 5 cm apart In some plant they are moving type

GRIT CHAMBER Sewage is then passed through long narrow chamber 10- 20 cm in length Constant velocity of 1 foot per second Detention period of 30 seconds to 1 minute Function is to allow the settlement of heavier solid but organic matter can pass through

PRIMARY SEDIMENTATION Sewage is now admitted into a huge ps tank It is a large tank holding 1/4th to 1/3rd the dry weather flow sewage is made to flow very slowly across the tank at a velocity of 1-2 feet per min Detention period is 6-8 hrs During this purification takes place through sedimentation of suspended matter 50 -70 % settle under gravity

Reduction of 30-40 % in no. of coliform organism is obtained The organic matter which settles down is called sludge Small amount of biological action takes place in sewage A certain amount of fat and greece rise to surface called scum Sewage is also treated with lime ,aluminium sulphate

SECONDARY TREATMENT Trickling filter method Activated sludge process

Trickling filter method

It is a bed of crushed stones 1 to 2m deep 2 to 30m in diameter Effluent from PS tank is sprinkled uniformly on surface on the bed by a revolving device The device consists of hollow pipes with holes The pipes keep rotating and sprinkling

Over the surface and down through the filter a biological growth consisting of algae fungi protozoa occurs This is zoogleal layer As the effluent perculates through the filter bed it gets oxidised in the layer The dead matter sloughs off breaks away and is washed down the filter this is humus

ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS The heart of activated sludge process is the aeration tank The effluent from ps tank is mixed with sludge drawn from the final settling tank

In the proportion of 20-30 %

Detention period is 6-8 hrs The aeration is accomplished either by mechanical agitation or by forcing compressed air from bottom of the tank

During this organic matter gets oxidised This plant occupies less require skilled operations It is best suited for larger cities

SECONDARY SEDEMENTATION The oxidised sewage is led into secondary sedementation tank and detained for 2-3 hrs The sludge thus collected is called activated sludge and is practically inoffensive and can be a valuable manure if dehydrated

SLUDGE DIGESTION If sludge is incubated under favourable condition of temperature and ph undergoes anaerobic auto digestion The volume of sludge is reduced 3-4 weeks are taken for complete sludge digestion SEA DISPOSAL LAND COMPOSITING

DISPOSAL OF EFFLUENT
Disposal by dilution

This refers to disposal into water courses

The effluent is diluted in the body of water and impurities are oxidised by dissolved oxygen in water The diluting capacity of river or any receiving body of water are important considerations

# Note# the royal commission in England in its fifth report recommended not more than 30mg per litre of suspended solids in effluent and 5day BOD not more than 20 mg per litre

DISPOSAL OF LAND OTHER METHODS SEA OUTFALL RIVER OUTFALL LAND TREATMENT OXIDATION PONDS OXIDATION DITCHES