A substation is an assembly of apparatus, which transform the characteristics of electrical energy from one form to another say from

one voltage level to another level. The switch house building of the G.S.S. has following parts:

Load Dispatch Unit (L.D.U.) Power Line Carrier Communication (P.L.C.C.) Battery Room Control Room Compressor Room

Lighting Arrester CVT Line isolator Wave Trap Circuit Breaker Current Transformer Bus Bars Power Transformer Static earthling system Bushing The substation divided into two broad sections :1. The switchyard 2. The control room

In this substation the power is coming from five places namely:Heerapura (Jaipur) MIA (Badarpur) Dousa Bhiwadi Khuskhera

Outgoing feeders are: 220 KV Kotputli 132 KV GSS Alwar 132 KV Bharatpur 132 KV LCAL 132 KV Kishangarh Bass 132 KV Mundawar 132 KV M.I.A. 132 KV Ramgarh 132 KV Malakhera 132 KV Bansur

Lighting arrestor is a device, which protects the overhead lines and other electrical apparatus viz, transformer from overhead voltages and lighting .

When to carry out inspection or repair in the substation installation a disconnection switch is used called isolator. Its work is to disconnect the unit or section from all other line parts on installation in order to insure the complete safety of staff working. The isolator works at no load condition. They do not have any making or breaking capacity. The isolating switches can broadly divided into following categories: Bus isolator . Line isolator cum earthing switch . Transformer isolating switch.
Isolators are of two types Single pole isolator Three pole isolator

50Hz power supply also carries communication signals at high frequency Trap is a device used for this purpose. It traps the frequency of desired level for communication and sends it to P.L.C.C. department. It is used to trap the communication signal & send PLCC room through CVT.

A circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit . Its basic function is to detect a fault condition and, by interrupting continuity, to immediately discontinue electrical flow Unlike a fuse, which operates once and then has to be replaced, a circuit breaker can be reset (either manually or automatically) to resume normal operation Circuit breakers are made in varying sizes, from small devices that protect an individual household appliance up to large switchgear designed to protect high voltage circuits . There are different arc quenching media:Air blast Oil SF6 gas Vacuum

AIR BLAST CIRCUIT BREAKER

A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through inductively coupled conductor -the transformer's coils A varying current in the first or primary winding creates a varying magnetic flux in the transformer's core and thus a varying magnetic field through the secondary winding This varying magnetic field induces a varying electromotive force, or voltage in the secondary winding This effect is called mutual induction. Transformers is due to three parts: CORE WINDING OIL 1. INSTRUMENTAL TRANSFORMER ; Current transformer Potential transformer 2. POWER TRANSFORMER Core type Shell type

When current in a circuit is too high to directly apply to measuring instruments, a current transformer produces a reduced current accurately proportional to the current in the circuit, which can be conveniently connected to measuring and recording instruments A current transformer also isolates the measuring instruments from what may be very high Current transformer is a instrument transformer which is mainly used for measuring currents where very high currents are flowing.

CVTs are special king of PTs using capacitors to step down the voltage. A capacitor voltage transformer (CVT), or capacitance coupled voltage transformer (CCVT) is a transformer used in power systems to step down extra high voltage signals and provide a Low voltage signal .

To step up or step down the voltage and transfer power from one a.c voltage another a.c voltage at the same frequency .

100 MVA,220KV/132KV POWER TRANSFORMER

o Natural

Cooling . o Forced Oil Cooling Rediator System . o Forced Air Cooling System .

The conductors used : For 400 kV line:Taran Tulla and Marculla conductor. For 220 kV line: Zebra conductor is used composite of Aluminum strands and Steel wires. For132 kV line: Panther conductor is used composite of Aluminum strands and Steel wires. The material used in these conductors is generally Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced (ACSR). The conductors run over the towers cross arms of sufficient height with the consideration to keep safe clearance of sagged conductors from ground level and from the objects (trees, buildings etc.) either side also.

At "GSS ALWAR" the separate control room provided for remote protection of 220KV switch yards transformer incoming feeder, outing feeders. Bus bar has their own control plant in their control rooms. The control panel carrier the appropriate relays. Necessary meters indicating lamp control switches and fuses. There are meters for reading purpose. A circuit concerning the panel is shown on the panel with standard co lour. On each panel a control switch is provided for remote operation of circuit breaker. There are two indicators which show that weather circuit breaker is closed or open. A control switch for each insulator is also provided. The position indicator of isolator is also done with the help of single lamp and indicator. The colour of signal lamps are as follows:RED: - For circuit breaker or isolator is close option. Green - For circuit breaker is in open position. Amber - Indicates abnormal condition requiring action.

There are seven transformer are used in ALWAR 220 KV GSS : Three 100 MVA, 220KV/132KV One 40/50 MVA, 132KV/33KV Two 20/25 MVA, 132KV/11KV One 16/20 MVA, 132KV/11KV