TEXTILE INDUSTRY

SOLID WATSE AND LAND POLLUTION

BY ABHIJIT V. SALVEKAR 2K11/PTE/01 Fibre Technology Delhi Technological University

Contents
Introduction Sources of Solid Waste from Textile industry Disposal Methods Waste minimization techniques Ex. Recycling of PET waste Useful Products from Textile Waste References

Solid waste and Land pollution

Solid waste from textile industry accounts for 5% of total solid waste Waste disposal systems commonly practiced are landfill, incineration or ocean dumping Dumping of non degradable solid waste in soil in landfilling causes land pollution

Sources of solid waste

Polymeric waste generated during pre- and post- spinning operations
Inferior quality fibres due to deviation in set parameters, raw material faults, operators fault Equipment breakdown and power failure requires restarting of machines with draining in process material (Scrap) Some reactions do no give 100% conversion so monomeric and oligomeric waste is generated

 Non-fibrous waste
Wastes associated with the storage and production of yarns and textiles:
dye and chemical storage drums, cardboard reels for storing fabric and cones used to hold yarns for dyeing.

Wasted sludge and relained sludge, resulting from wastewater treatment plant.

Disposal of Solid Waste

Landfilling Incineration Ocean Dumping But this methods affect negatively on Environment so nowadays more effort is being given to Waste Minimization Techniques. According to EPA 97% of textile waste is recyclable therefore recycling will reduce landfilling use

Example:Utilization of PET fibre waste

Converting waste into granules for reuse in spinning
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Grinding fibre waste Drying in cyclone Force feeding system Extruder Adding of any additives (for Masterbatch) Granulater Respinning for production of staple fibres OR Injection molding to give products

 Converting waste into Polyester powder

Dissolving waste into solvent Solvent used are naphthalene, biphenyl ether, acenaphthene etc 10-40% of polyester by wt. get dissolved at Temerature 160-240 C Naphthalene is most suitable solvent Then water is used as non solvent for precipitating dissolved polyester Filtered , washed and dried can be mixed with pigments and dyestuffs to get masterbatches for production of coloured fibred

Recovering Monomers for PET waste

Converting Waste into terephthalic acid
Pressure hydrolysis of Polyester waste with water Acid hydrolysis of Polyester waste Saponification with alkali

Converting Waste into Dimethyl Terephthalate

High pressure methanolysis Glycolysis of PET waste

Non fibrous waste minimization

Reducing the amount of packaging material by improved purchasing practices such as ordering raw materials in bulk or returnable intermediate bulk containers(IBCs). Purchasing chemicals in returnable drums. Enquire if vendors will accept unwashed drums as this will reduce the waste water generated in the factory. If possible, ordering chemicals in IBCs rather than bags as these are easily broken, causing spillages. Purchasing yarn on reusable plastic cones rather than cardboard cones. Reducing seam waste through effective training programmes. Selling waste fibres, sweeps, rags, yarn and cloth scraps.

Useful product from Textile Waste

Post industrial and post consumer textile waste are nowadays very successfully being converted to value added interior decorative products, upcycled clothing etc. Eg. sneaker recycled it into a synthetic turf field turn old jeans into housing insulation

THANK YOU

References:
Production of synthetic fibres by A.A.Vaidya Manufactured fibre technology by Gupta and Kothari Textiles by Sara J. Kadolph http://ruenvcomm.wordpress.com/ http://www.looptworks.com