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Migration
Name: Adil Shaikh Class: Prep 2-N Teacher: Miss Shafia Date: 13th October, 2012

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By Adil

Table of Content
International migration Migration Statistics Modern Migration
Industrialization Modern Migration-World War1 Modern Migration-World War2 Modern Migration- Pakistan & India Rural-Urban Migration Graph on Migration German Migration Net migration in Pakistan Migration to Japan Urbanization
By Adil

Human Migration People who migrate Definitions Immigration Emigration Refugee Religious migrants Migrants due to Natural Disasters Permanent & Temporary Migration Seasonal Migration Forced Migration Economic migrants
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Human Migration
Human migration (derived from Latin: migratio) is
physical movement by humans from one area to another, sometimes over long distances or in large groups. Historically this movement was nomadic, often causing significant conflict with the indigenous population and their displacement or cultural assimilation. Migration has continued under the form of both voluntary migration within one's region, country, or beyond and involuntary migration (which includes the slave trade, trafficking in human beings and ethnic cleansing).
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People who Migrate

People who migrate into a territory are called

immigrants, while at the departure point they are called emigrants. Small populations migrating to develop a territory considered void of settlement depending on historical setting, circumstances and perspective are referred to as settlers or colonists While populations displaced by immigration and colonization are called refugees.
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Definitions
Internal migration: the movement of people within a
country. International migration: the movement of people from one country to another. Planned migration: the movement of people that is encouraged and organized by a government. Rural-Urban migration: the movement of people from the rural area to urban area in a country. Urbanization: the increase in the proportion of a countrys population that lives in its urban areas.
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Immigration
Immigration is people moving and settling
in a country or region to which they are not native. Immigration is made for many reasons, including temperature, breeding, economic, political, family re-unification, natural disaster, poverty or the wish to change one's surroundings voluntarily.
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Emigration
Emigration is the act of permanently leaving one's
country or region to settle in another. It is the same as immigration but from the perspective of the country of origin. Human movement in general is termed migration. There are many reasons why people might choose to emigrate. Better economic opportunity is a "pull" factor, as is a quest for a better climate. Fears of poverty or of religious or political discrimination are "push" factors.
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Refugee
A refugee is a person who is outside their
country of origin or habitual residence because they have suffered persecution on account of race, religion, nationality, political opinion, or because they are a member of a persecuted 'social group'. Such a person may be referred to as an 'asylum seeker' until recognized by the state where he or she makes his or her claim.
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 Changes in religious demography are often

Faith on the move: Religious Migrants

consequences, and often goals, of human mass migration to other territories. Often, the goals of a political migration is to establish a territory and government which is biased towards and welcoming of members of the same sect. In 1947, upon the Partition of India, large populations moved from India to Pakistan and vice versa, depending on their religious beliefs. Nowadays some countries have strict controls which prevent migrants from entering their countries. 10/13/2012 By Adil 10

Migrants due to natural disasters

Natural disasters such as floods, cyclones
and earthquakes may cause people to move away from their homes. This is the case particularly when their livelihoods as well as their homes have been destroyed.

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Permanent and Temporary Migration

Permanent: Migrants intend to establish their
permanent residence in a new country and possibly obtain that countrys citizenship. Temporary: Migrants intend only to stay for a limited period of time; perhaps until the end of a particular program of study or for the duration of their work contract or a certain work season. Both types of migrants have a significant effect on the economies and societies of the chosen destination country and the country of origin.
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Seasonal Migration
Seasonal human migration is very
common in agricultural cycles. It includes migrations such as moving sheep or cattle to higher elevations during summer to escape heat and find more forage. Human labor often moves with fruit harvest, or to other crops that require manual picking.
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Forced Migration
Forced migration (also called deracination
- originally a French word meaning uprooting) refers to the coerced movement of a person or persons away from their home or home region. It often connotes violent coercion, and is used interchangeably with the terms "displacement" or forced displacement.
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Economic Migrants
The term economic migrant refers to someone who
has emigrated from one region to another region for the purposes of seeking employment or improved financial position. An economic migrant is distinct from someone who is a refugee fleeing persecution. Many countries have immigration and visa restrictions that prohibit a person entering the country for the purposes of gaining work without a valid work visa. Persons who are declared an economic migrant can be refused entry into a country.
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International Migration
International migration occurs when peoples cross
state boundaries and stay in the host state for some minimum length of time. Migration occurs for many reasons. Many people leave their home countries in order to look for economic opportunities in another country. Others migrate to be with family members who have migrated or because of political conditions in their countries. Education is another reason for international migration, as students pursue their studies abroad.
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 According to the International Organization for

Migration Statistics

Migration's World Migration Report 2010, the number of international migrants was estimated at 214 million in 2010. If this number continues to grow at the same pace as during the last 20 years, it could reach 405 million by 2050. While some modern migration is a byproduct of wars (for example, emigration from Iraq and Bosnia to the US and UK), political conflicts (for example, some emigration from Zimbabwe to the UK), and natural disasters (for example, emigration from Montserrat to the UK following the eruption of the island's volcano), contemporary migration is predominantly economically motivated. In particular, there are wide disparities in the incomes that can be earned for similar work in 17 different countries of the world.

Modern MigrationIndustrialization
Industrialization encouraged migration wherever it
appeared. The increasingly global economy globalized the labor market. The Atlantic slave trade diminished sharply after 1820, which gave rise to self-bound contract labor migration from Europe and Asia to plantations. Overpopulation, open agricultural frontiers, and rising industrial centers attracted voluntary migrants. Moreover, migration was significantly made easier by improved transportation techniques.
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Migration- World War 1

The twentieth century experienced also an increase
in migratory flows caused by war and politics. Muslims moved from the Balkan to Turkey, while Christians moved the other way, during the collapse of the Ottoman Empire. Four hundred thousand Jews moved to Palestine in the early twentieth century. The Russian Civil War caused some three million Russians, Poles and Germans to migrate out of the Soviet Union. World War II and decolonization also caused migrations
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Migration- World War 2

After the Holocaust (1938 to 1945), there was
increased migration to the British Mandate of Palestine, which became the modern state of Israel as a result of the United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine. Hundreds of thousands of Poles, Ukrainians, Lithuanians, Latvians, Estonians and some Belarusian's were expelled eastwards from Europe to the Soviet Union. Finally, many of the several hundred thousand Jews remaining in Eastern Europe after the Holocaust migrated outside Europe to Israel and the United States.
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 In 1947, upon the Partition of India, large

Migration Pakistan-India

populations moved from India to Pakistan and vice versa, depending on their religious beliefs. The partition was promulgated in the Indian Independence Act 1947 as a result of the dissolution of the British Indian Empire. The partition displaced up to 12.5 million people in the former British Indian Empire, with estimates of loss of life varying from several hundred thousand to a million. n modern India, estimates based on industry sectors mainly employing migrants suggest that there are around 100 million circular migrants in India.
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Rural-Urban Migration
Push Factors Pull Factors

Not enough jobs Few opportunities Primitive conditions Desertification Famine or drought Political fear or persecution Slavery or forced labor Poor medical care Loss of wealth Natural disasters Death threats Lack of political or religious freedom Pollution Poor housing Landlord/tenant issues Bullying Discrimination Poor chances of marrying Condemned housing (radon gas, etc.) War
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Job opportunities Better living conditions Political and/or religious freedom Enjoyment Education Better medical care Attractive climates Security Family links Industry Better chances of marrying

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Graph on Migration

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German Migration

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Net Migration in Pakistan

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Migration in Japan

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Urbanization
Urbanization, urbanization or urban drift is the
physical growth of urban areas as a result of rural migration and even suburban concentration into cities, particularly the very largest ones. It closely linked to modernization, industrialization, and the sociological process of rationalization. Urbanization can describe a specific condition at a set time, i.e. the proportion of total population or area in cities or towns, or the term can describe the increase of this proportion over time. So the term urbanization can represent the level of urban relative to overall population, or it can represent the rate at which the urban proportion is By Adil 27 increasing.