MEDICINAL MUSHROOM Ganoderma

BY S.SUGUNA BSA-08-080

Abstracts
Introduction What History Cultivation Benefits & medicinal uses DXN products Conclusion

INTRODUCTION
Scientific classification Kingdom: Fungi Phylum: Basidiomycota Class: Agaricomycetes Order: Polyporales Family: Ganodermataceae Genus: Ganoderma

WHAT IS Ganoderma???
It is also called the reishi mushroom or in Chinese ling zhi. One of the most revered herbs in traditional Chinese and Japanese medicine. Ganoderma is a hard, bitter mushroom used to promote health. Ganoderma is only used as a medicinal mushroom. Ganoderma grows on logs or tree stumps. It has a shiny, hard, asymmetrical cap that ranges in color from yellow to black.

HISTORY
1970 China and Japan successfully planted in lab. Commercial production 1975 -in Japan. 1980 -in Taiwan. 1983 -in Malaysia King of the Herbs It contains at least 400 nutrients. Most important are: Polysaccharides Beta-D-Glucan, Organic Germanium, Adenosine, Triterpenes, Ganoderic Acids B, D, F, H, K, Mf, R, S, T-0, Y, Ganodermadiol, Alkaloids, Anti Oxidants, Protein, Lingzhi 8 etc

 It is one of the most popular medicinal mushrooms in China, Japan, and the United States. Ganoderma Lucidum has a history of powerfully improving the immune system and balancing the body's functions. In the Chinese oldest book on herbs written around 200 (A.D), Ganoderma Lucidum is mentioned as a herb superior to ginseng. During the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) Li Shizhen, one of the greatest phyasician of that time, talked about the healthy effects of Ganoderma Lucidum in his Bencao Gangmu or Compendium of Materia Medica(1578). This book is regarded as one of the most comprehensive medical books of traditional Chinese Medicine. In the 1970s it was introduced into Europe as a wonder herb and clinical studies started on it. In 1972, its indoor growth was started in Japan. Since then, it has been subject to numerous studies in the East and the West.

Nutritional Value
Reishi Ganoderma lucidum provides a whole spectrum of vitamins and minerals to our body. Potassium (K), Magnesium (Mg), Calcium (Ca), Germanium (Ge) essential micronutrients along with vitamins and minerals. All these nutrients are easily absorbed by our body system.

CULTIVATION OF Ganoderma
National Research Centre for Mushroom made a breakthrough in developing the cultivation technology of Reishi. Strains: True-to-the-type genuine DNA fingerprinted exotic cultures are available in the NRCMs Mushroom Gene Bank; Korean, Thai and American cultures are excellent.

PRODUCTION SYSTEM
Reishi can be grown by the farmers seasonally in the low cost growing rooms preferably playhouses. Mushroom is used to exclusively as medicine. Grown organically. Seasonal farmers have to put up polycover on the aside top and sides of the thatched huts and utmost hygienic conditions have to be maintained to prevent diseases and pests.

 Reishi is grown on the saw dust of the broad-leaved trees (mango, poplar, coconut, sheesham). Sawdust obtained from the saw mills, is amended with 20% wheat bran and is wetted to a level of 65% moisture. Calcium sulphate (gypsum) and calcium carbonate (Chalk powder) are added to get a pH of 5.5. The mixed substrate (700 g dry wt; 2.1 kg wet)

 The bags are then sterilized in autoclave at 22 p.s.i. for 2 hrs. After cooling, the substrate is spawned with wheat grain or saw dust spawn @ 3% on the dry weight basis, as it is comparatively a slow growing fungus. Spawn run is done at 28-35 C in the closed rooms. After the complete spawn run which takes about 25 days, polythene top is cut at the level of the substrate totally exposing the top side.

 Proper conditions for fruiting or pinning (temp. 28 C, 1500 ppm CO2, 800 lux light, 95% RH) are provided. Once the pins have grown up enough to form the cap - whitish top of the pinhead.

 Once the cap is fully formed yellowing of the cap margin.

 Fully matured - Cap is fully reddish brown and spores are shed on the top of the cap. Full maturity is indicated, when the cap is fully reddish brown and spores are shed on the top of the cap.

 Harvesting is done by the tight plucking, holding the root with one hand and pulling up with another. One cycle of the growing takes 10-15 days. 2-3 flushes appear and a total 25% B.E. can be achieved.

 One crop takes about four months. Harvested mushrooms, after washing with water, are dried at low temperature (<50C) in the cabinet driers. At 35 C in the dehumidifying cabinet drier. Reishi mushroom has very high dry matter (45% i.e. 450 g dry from 1 kg fresh).

FLOW CHART OF Ganoderma production

MEDICINAL USES
Antitumor action has been attributed to highmolecular weight polysaccharides. A -D-glucan from basidiocarps of G. applanatum, for example, showed significant tumor inhibition. An alcohol-ether soluble fraction of mycelium has been shown to protect the liver and enhance its detoxifying function.

 Alcohol and water extracts in human cell cultures exhibited both antiatherogenic and antiatherosclerotic action, indicating it may be useful in preventing and treating of arteriosclerosis. A glycoprotein derived from G. lucidum mycelia acts as an immunosuppressive agent in the treatment of allergic disease.

 Species of Ganoderma are also cultivated and sold as shelf ornaments

 In Chinese folklore the basidiocarps of Ganoderma (Ling-chih) were a panacea for all types of diseases. They used it to treat hepatopathy, chronic hepatitis, nephritis, hypertension, hyperlipemia, arthritis, insomnia, anorexia, diabetes, asthma, ulcers, etc.

Cultivation of Gandoderma for medicinal purposes.

Medicinal properties
This mushroom contains a large group of polysaccharides with Beta Glucans, which have immune stimulating properties, being most abundant. It also contains cycotoxic compounds preventing the formation of tumors. Antiviral compounds have been isolated from this mushroom which are tested on a number of viruses including HIV.

BENEFITS
Antioxidant activity-This helps protect the body from free radical damage. Anti-tumor agent-Increases natural killer cells among other parts of our natural immune process. Anti-viral agent-This is accomplished by increasing interferon production.

Antibacterial-Ganoderma lucidum has shown action against Staphylococci, Streptococci, and Bacillus pneumoniae. This is probably due to increased immunity. Immuno potentiation-This means an increase in overall immune function.

Protection from ionizing radiation-When treated with Ganoderma lucidum both before and after exposure. Ulcer inhibiting activity-Probably due to the central depressant effect. White blood cell and hemoglobin increase in peripheral blood of mice.

ANTI CANCER
The anti-cancer agents in Ganoderma are the polysaccharides and Germanium. The polysaccharide fraction of Ganoderma is largely responsible for its anti-tumor efficacy. Ganoderma use in cancer include supplementation a) to reduce side-effects during chemotherapy or radiotherapy, b) to prolonging survival, c) to improve quality of life, and d) to prevent occurrence or recurrence.

Treatment of cancer
It enhances and helps regulate the immune and endocrine system, prevent tumors. It can also reduce the toxic and side effects Mitigate the pains during chemotherapy and radiotherapy Enhances liver detoxification, Helps with cancerous ascites, increases appetite and help relieve the pain of late stage cancer. It is especially effective with kidney diseases

DXN Ganoderma Health Supplements

It founded by Dr. Lim Siow Jin, a graduate from the Indian Institute of Technology. medicinal mushrooms and their relationship with human health -establishment of DXN in 1993. DXN is a company based in Malaysia with brances in a number of countries. DXN Ganoderma based products are organically cultivated natural and free from harmful chemicals. DXN is working to be a No. 1 producer and distributor of Ganoderma and other health supplements.

 DXN International has been awarded with ISO 9001, ISO 9002, ISO 14001 and TGA certificates. DXN products also have a HALAL Certificate. DXN is also a member of Direct Selling Associations (DSA) in India and Malaysia.

DXN Products can be categorized in three parts based on their functions : 1. Dietary Supplements from DXN; 2. DXN Food & Beverage products; 3. Personal Care Products from DXN.

Ganoderma Extract Based Natural Health Products Based products are good way to consume Ganoderma in day to day life. Ganoderma extract based products which like Lingzhi Coffee also known as healthy coffee, ganozhi soap, ganozhi tooth paste, cocozhi health drink, gano massage oil. All these products contain Ganoderma extract and are therefore good for health and fitness.

Ganoderma extract based products

Ganoderma Healthy Coffee

Coffee is said to be injurious to health but it is not so. Coffee can be good for health if we restrict it to few cups. Even if you cannot control your urge then there is a solution and its Ganoderma based healthy coffee which provides benefits of Ganoderma with every cup of coffee.

CONCLUSION
Its have highly beneficial and no side effect and easily adaptable for all stage people. so we should know about cultivation of Ganoderma and create awareness about King of herb and to improve that technology

References
www.google.com www.healthyganoderma.com www.nrcmushroom.org

THANK YOU