GREEN BUILDINGS

Presented by G S SINGH

 DEFINITION IMPORTANT FEATURES RATING SYSTEM FOR GREEN BUILDING FAMOUS GREEN BUILDING OF INDIA INDIAN RATING SYSTEM

DEFINITION
A Building consumes a large share of natural resources. Buildings are responsible for one sixth of world fresh water withdrawal, one fifth of worlds wood harvest and two fifth of its material and energy flow. To reduce its impact on earth resources green building or sustainable building is gaining ground. Thus a building has major environmental impact during its life span. Resources such as ground cover, forest, water and energy are depleted to give way to building. A green building is one that incorporate design, construction, operation and maintenance practices that significantly reduces or eliminates the negative impact of development on the environment and occupant with strategies for addressing energy

efficiency, green house gas emission abatement, water conservation, waste avoidance, reuse and recycling, pollution prevention, enhanced bio-diversity.

OR
Green building is defined as a building which deplete the natural resources to the minimum during construction and operation. Green building design requires involvement of all players(building owner, architects and engineer), construction team(Material manufacturer, contractor and waste hauler), maintenance staff and building occupants.

IMPORTANT FEATURES OF GREEN BUILDING

PRESERVE NATURAL VEGETATION CONTAIN NON-TOXIC OR RECYCLED-CONTENT BUILDING MATERIAL

MAINTAIN GOOD INDOOR AIR-QUALITY CONSERVE WATER CONSERVE FOSSIL FUEL CONSERVE NATURAL RESOURCES REDUCES WASTE AND ENCOURAGE RECYCLED MATERIAL ENHANCEMENT OF OVERALL HEALTH, COMFORT AND SAFETY OF THE OCCUPANTS

ELEMENT OF GREEN BUILDING

Siting (a) Select a site well suited to take advantage of mass transit. (b) Protect and retain existing landscaping and natural features. If trees are to be cut then grow tree in ratio of 1:3. (c) Save storm water Energy Efficiency (a) Passive design strategiesIt include building shape and orientation i.e. passive solar design and use of natural light. (b)Installation of high efficiency lighting system with advance lighting control (c) Use of proper sized heating and cooling system (d) Use computer modeling for optimization of mechanical and electrical system.

 Material efficiency (a) selection of sustainable

construction material. Material must be selected based on their zero or low toxicity, high recyclability, durability, longevity and availability in local regions. (b) use of dimensional planning to reduce wastage (c) Reuse and recycling of construction and demolition material.

Water Efficiency
(a) Reduce water consumption through out the life cycle of building (b) Recycle the water for flushing purpose (c) Rain water harvesting

Occupant health and safety

(a) Adequate ventilation improve indoor air quality

RATING SYSTEM
US Green building council (USGBC) has developed a green building rating system called LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design). It is voluntary, consensus-based national standard for developing high performance, sustainable buildings.

The following are the different levels of LEED rating awarded to the projects Certified (26 - 32 points) Silver (33 - 38 points) Gold (39 51 points) Platinum (52 69 points)

The LEED Green Building Rating System is a measurement system designed for rating new and existing commercial, institutional and high rise residential building. It is organized into five environmental categories:
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) sustainable sites (14 points and 8 credits) Energy and atmosphere (17 points and 6 credits) indoor environmental Quality (15 points and 8 ) credits) material and resources (13 points and 7 credits ) Water efficiency (5 points and 3 credits ) innovation and design process (5 points)

It is performance oriented system where credit points are earned

Prerequisites and credits

Sl. Sustainable No sites . (14) Energy and atmosphere (17) Indoor Material & Water Environmenta Resources efficiency l Quality (15) (13) (5) Innovation & design process (5)

Site Selection (1)

Optimize Energy Performance (2-10)

Renewable Energy (1-3)

Carbon Dioxide Monitoring (1)

Increase Ventilation Effectiveness (1) Construction IAQ Management Plan (1-2) Low-Emitting Materials (1-4)

Building Reuse (1-3)

Construction Waste ManageMent (1-2) Resource Reuse (1-2) Recycled content (1-2)

Water Efficient Landscaping (1)

Innovative Waste Water Technologies (1) Water Use Reduction (1-2) Rainwater Harvesting (1)

Innovation in Design

Urban Redevelopment (1-2)

Brownfield Redevelopment (1) Alternative Transportation (1-4)

Additional Commissionin g (1) Ozone Depletion (1)

Prerequisites and credits

Sl. Sustainable sites No. (14) 5 Reduced Site Disturbance (1-2) Storm Water Management (1-2) Energy and atmosphere (17) Measurement & Verification (1) Green Power (1) Indoor Environmental Quality (15) Material & Resources (13) Water efficiency (5)

Indoor Chemical Local/ & Pollutant Regional Source Control Materials (1) (1-2) Controllability of Rapidly Systems Renewable (1-2) Materials (1) Thermal Comfort (1-2) Daylight & views (1-2) Certified Wood (1)

Landscape & Exterior Design to Reduce Heat (1-2) Light Pollution Reduction(1)

FAMOUS GREEN BUILDINGS OF INDIA

S.N. Building Built-up Area Rating Achieved (Sqft) 20,000 Platinum (56 Points) % Payback increased period(Yrs) in cost 20 7

CII_Godrej Hyderabad (2003)

2
3 4 5

ITC green Centre, Gurgaon

Wipro Gurgaon Grundfos Pumps, Chennai NEG Micon Chennai (2005)

1,70,000
1,75,000 40,000 18,000

Platinum (53 Points)

Platinum (57 Points) Gold (42 Points) Gold (46 Points)

15
8 6 -

6
5 3 -

FAMOUS GREEN BUILDINGS OF INDIA

S.N. 1 2 3 4 5 Building North Delhi Power Ltd.(New Delhi) Indian Machine Tools Manufacturers Association Bangalore CII Naorji Centre of Excellence Mumbai Technopolis Kolkata Olympia Technology Park Chennai Built-up Area (Sqft) 54,000 4,00,000 1,00,000 6,75,000 13,00,000

CII- Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre,

Roof garden To reduce heat ingress into building 2 deep plastic trays filled with earth. Conventional terrace garden with 6-12 inch deep soil is provided. Waterless urinals having cartridge with sealing liquid

Root zone treatment irrigation

for sewage. Treated water is used in

Energy efficiency overall reduction 55%, reduction due to HVAC 40% and 88% on lighting Wind Tower 7 10% reduction of AC Load due drop in air temperature for fresh air

 Construction waste management Greater than 50% of construction waste debris is recycled. Brick, masonry waste, concrete waste are used for filling up undulated site area. Paint cans are recycled. Cement bags are reused as packing material.
Rapidly Renewable material Furniture is of Eco board made of Baggasse. False ceiling is made of Cellulose fibre and cotton vertical blinds of woven cotton are provided.. Low VOC paints and carpet Paint and carpet used have total VOC less than 0.50 mg.sq mtr hr. Daylight and Views Day lighting in more than 75% permanently occcupied area CO2 monitoring Sensors are installed. Differential level of 530 ppm is maintained.

ITC Green Centre Gurgaon (53)

Sustainable site

Alternative transportation, parking, shower and changing facility for bicyclist, pool cars with charging facility, Storm water management zero discharge in municipal drainage, parking is 80% underground, More than 75% of the terrace has been insulated and coated with reflective paint, Minimum exterior lighting is provided to limit sky light pollution

Water efficiency 100% recycled water is used for irrigation, native plants are used.
Treatment of sewage by FAB reactor, 40% Reduction in Water Consumption

 Energy and Atmosphere

Saving In electricity: 51%

Envelope- 250mm thick external wall with autoclaved Aerated Concrete Blocks(AAC), double glazed window, 75mm thick extruded polystyrene roof insulation. HVAC Chillers are of COP 6.1
Hot water: solar heating

Ozone depletion: All HVAC Equipment are free from CFC/HCFC/ HOLON

* Material & Resource Different storage bins on each floor for recyclable material like paper, plastic, glass & metal Resource reuse More than 10% building material is salvaged from other building including used furniture Recycle content Fly ash based cement, Fly ash based AAC block gypsum based Acoustic ceiling, recycled glass, Ceramic tiles with high recycled content and MDF cabinetry. Regional Material More than 40% of the building material are from with in 500 miles

Rapidly Renewable Material (MDF) is used.

Such as medium density fibreboard

 Indoor Environmental Quality CO2 monitoring Sensor, at various floor are provided to maintained differential pressure less than 530 PPM of CO2 . Tobacco smoke control. Separate room at various floor with negative pressure are provided for smokers. Low emitting Material : Low Volatile organic compound(VOC) level of Adhesive/sealant used for carpet/composite wood/paints Innovation & Design Process Green education There are provisions for educating visitors, construction workers, employees and consultant on sustainability.

Wipro Centre Gurgaon (57/57)

Occupants 1305,

Sustainable Set - Car parking, bus pooling, reserved parking. Company buses ply between building and mass transit system. 100% storm water is harvested. Light Pollution Exterior lighting with low height unit.

Water conservation - 100% irrigation with recycled water.

Sewage treatment plant on extended Aeration process

 Energy efficiency - 51% conservation in electric power. Construction with Fly ash based Aerated block. Double glazed windows and facades. 75 mm thick thermocol insulation in roof, chiller COP 6.1, Solar thermal heating for hot water. Material & Resource- Resource reuse More than 10% of construction material is from old building. Recycled content more than 10% of the building material cost comprise of material with high recycled content like fly ash based AAC Block, Acoustic cladding, Recycled glass Local material More than 95% material by value is from with in 500 miles of the project site

 Rapidly renewable material MDF board for interior partition

made from Baggasse. Indoor Environment Quality (a) No Smoking Zone entire building (b) Co2- Sensor to monitor level of Co2 (c) Low emitting material Paint, adhesive and sealant are low in emitting VOC. (d) an internal court yard provides extensive day lighting to the building occupants. Innovation & design process (a) Green education through signage (b) Green house keeping practices (c) Eco friendly cleaning agents are used in house keeping (d) To enhance occupant comfort individual control viz. temperature and air flow have been provided to occupant.

NEW RATING SYSTEM

FOR

INDIA

US based LEED rating system is more on energy efficiency measures in AC buildings. Keeping in view of the Indian agro-climatic conditions and in particular the preponderance of non-AC buildings, a National Rating System- GRIHA has been developed which is suitable for all kinds of building in different climatic zones of the country. The system was initially conceived and developed by TERI (The Energy & Resource Institute) as TERI-GRIHA which has been modified to GRIHA as National Rating System after incorporating various modifications suggested by a group of architects and experts. It takes into account the provisions of the National Building Code 2005, the Energy Conservation Building Code 2007 announced by BEE and other IS Codes, local bye laws, other local standards and laws. The system, by its qualitative and quantitative assessment criteria, would be able to rate a building on the degree of its greenness. The rating would be applied to new and existing building stock of varied functions commercial, institutional, and residential.

EVALUATION PROCEDURE OF CRITERION OF GRIHA

Criteria

SITE PLANNING Preserve and protect landscape during construction/ Compensatory forestation Soil conservation (post construction) Design to include existing site features Reduce hard paving on site Enhance outdoor lighting system efficiency Plan utilities efficiently and optimise on site circulation efficiency HEALTH AND WELL BEING Provide, at least, minimum level of sanitation/safety facilities for construction workers 5* 4 2** 2* 4 3

1 2 3 4 5 6

2**

Reduce air pollution during construction

** Mandatory

2**
100

* Partly mandatory

CONSERVATION AND EFFICIENT UTILIZATION OF RESOURCES WATER

9 10 11 Reduce landscape water requirement Reduce building water use Efficient water use during construction 3 2 1

ENERGY: END USE

12 13 Optimise building design to reduce conventional energy demand Optimise energy performance of building within specified comfort 6** 12

ENERGY: EMBODIED AND CONSTRUCTION

14
15

Utilisation of fly ash in building structure

Reduce volume, weight and time of construction by adopting efficient technology (e.g. pre-cast systems, ready mix concrete etc)

6
4

* Partly mandatory

** Mandatory

100

16

Use low-energy material in interiors

ENERGY : RENEWABLE
17
18

Renewable energy utilisation

Renewable energy based hot water system

3
2

RECYCLE, RECHARGE, AND REUSE OF WATER

19 20 Waste water treatment Water re-cycle and re use (including rainwater) 2 5

WASTE MANAGEMENT
21 22 23 24 Reduction in waste during construction Efficient waste segregation Storage and disposal of waste Resource recovery from waste ** Mandatory 100 2 2 2 2

* Partly mandatory

INDOOR AIR QUALITY

25 26 Use of low VOC paints/adhesive/sealants Minimize Ozone depleting substances 4 3**

27
28 29

Ensure water quality

Acceptable outdoor and indoor noise levels Tobacco and smoke control

2**
2 1

BUILDING OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

30 31 32 Energy audit and validation Operations and Maintenance protocol for electrical and mechanical equipment Bonus * Partly mandatory ** Mandatory 100 ** 2** 4

BONUS POINTS
Four points are given under rating system for adopting criteria which enhance the green intent of a project. Probable points can be where attempt can be made are: Alternative transportation Environmental education Company policy on green supply chain life cycle cost analysis

A National Advisory Council (NAC) shall be constituted by the Ministry of New and renewable Energy (MNRE) and shall be convened by the advisor MNRE. The NAC shall comprise eminent architects, senior government officials from the Central Ministry, Bureau of Energy Efficiency, Central Public Works Department and select state nodal agencies; representatives from the IT sector, real estate sector and developers; and representatives from the GRIHA Secretariat, TERI. The NAC shall be chaired by the Secretary, MNRE and co-chaired by the Director General, TERI. The NAC shall provide advice and direction to the National Rating System and shall be the interface between MNRE and the rating secretariat, which will be located within TERI. Its broad functions will be as below -

Guide the administrative structure for GRIHA Decide fee structure Endorse the rating Recommend incentives, awards etc., by GOI/State Governments Endorse modifications/upgrades from time to time

ROAD AHEAD
Implementing the provision of Energy Conservation Building Code07 will lead us easily to a Green Building.

1. Site Selection (1) (i) Not a prime Agricultural land (ii) Land Elevation should be high by 5 feet in 100 yrs flood level (iii) Land should not be providing habitat to any species
2. Urban Development (1-2) Near to Urban development where infrastructure is existing protecting green field, preserving habitat and natural resources. Give preference to previously developed site. 3. Brown field Development (1) Goal is to rehabilitate damaged sites. Reduce pressure on undeveloped land.

4. Alternative Transportation (1-4) (a) Goal is to reduce pollution and land development impact from automobile use. (b) Encourage pooling of transport. Provide parking facility for pooled transport. (c) Select site near to public transport facility 5. Reduce site disturbance (1-2) Goal is to conserve natural site and restore damaged area Restore minimum 50% of remaining open area by planting vegetations. Select indigenous plants for site restoration and landscaping

6. Storm Water Management (1-2) Goal is to minimize or limit disruption of natural water flows by minimizing storm water run off. Increasing onsite infiltrations. Retain pervious and vegetated areas. Capture rain water from building for ground water recharge.

7. Landscape and Exterior design (1-2) Reduce the thermal gradient between developed and undeveloped area to minimize the impact on microclimate and human/wild life habitat. Provide shade on at least 30% of non roof imperious surface including parking lot, walking plaza. Use high reflectance and low emissive roofing. Basic aim is to Reduce heat absorption. 8. Light pollution Reduction (1) Goal is to eliminate light trespass from the building site and reduce development impact on natural environment. Do not exceed foot-candle level requirement

Energy and Atmosphere (17 points) 1. Optimize Energy (2-10) Goal is to achieve measuring level of energy performance above the pre requisite standard to reduce environmental impact associated with excessive energy use. Energy saving in HVAC, Hot water service, lighting, Pump, Irrigation etc. 2. Renewable Energy (1-3) Goal to encourage renewal technology to reduce environmental impacts associated with use of fossil fuel. 3. Additional Commissioning (1) The goal is to verify and ensure that the entire building is designed, constructed and calibrated to operate. Introduce standard and strategies with design process early and specify measures by clearly stating target requirements in the construction documents.

4. Elimination of CFC,HCFC & Holon (1) Goal is to reduce ozone depletion gases. Use building HVAC System that use non-ozone depleting liquids in Refrigeration. 5. Measurement & Verification(1) Goal is accountability and optimization of building energy Performance. Design and specify equipment to be installed in building system to allow for comparison, management and optimization of actual versus estimated energy. Employ building automation system.
6. Green Power(1) Goal is to encourage the development and use of grid source, renewable energy technologies.

Indoor Environmental Quality

1. Carbon dioxide monitoring (1) Goal is to provide capacity for indoor air quality (IAQ) monitoring to sustain long term occupant health and comfort. Install a permanent CO2 censoring/monitoring system to provide feed back to ventilation system or a part of building automation system. 2. Increase ventilation effectiveness (1) The objective is to provide fresh air to building occupant to support their health, safety and comfort. For mechanically ventilated system Air change effectiveness required is greater than 0.9

3. Construction IAQ Management (1-2) Objective is to prevent IAQ problem resulting from the construction. During constructions, meet or exceeds the maximum requirements and protect store on site or installed absorptive materials from moisture damage. Specify construction sequence to install absorptive material from moisture damage. Specify construction sequence to install the material after prescribed dry/cure time of wet finishes to minimize adverse impact on IAQ 4. Low Emitting Material (1-4) The objective is to reduce the quality of indoor air contaminants that are odorous or irritating to occupant health and comfort. Evaluate and specify material i.e. Adhesives, sealants, paints etc that are low emitting, non toxic and chemically inert. Not -flat or flat type low VOC paint. VOC is less than 0.50 gm/sq.mtr hr.

5. Indoor Chemical and Pollutant Source Control (1) Objective is to avoid exposure of building occupants to hazardous chemicals that adversely affects the air quality. Design to minimize cross contamination of regularly occupied areas by chemical pollutants. Employ permanent entry way system (grill) to capture dirt from entering the building and physically isolate chemical contaminants. 6. Controllability of System (1-2) Goal is to provide a high level of individual occupant control of thermal ventilation and lighting system to support optimum productivity and comfort condition in individual room and or work areas. Provide minimum one open able window and one light control zone per 200 sq.ft for all occupied areas.

7. Thermal comfort (1-2) The objectivity is to provide a thermally comfortable environment for building occupants. Install a permanent temperature and humidity monitoring system. Integrate envelope and HVAC 8. Day light and views (1-2) Objective is to provide a connection between indoor and outdoor through sunlight and views in glare free way using exterior sun shading. Achieve a minimum a day light factor of 2% in 75% of space occupied for critical task. Orient building to maximize daylight by having courtyard, atrium, skylight into occupied areas.

Material & Resources (13 )

1. Building Reuse (1-3) Goal is to extend the life cycle of existing building, conserve resources. reduce waste and environmental impacts of new buildings. During space planning, consider occupants need and use pattern to fit within existing building. 2.Construction Waste Management (1-2) The goal is to divert construction, demolition and land clearing debris from land fill disposal. Redirect recyclable material back to manufacturing process. Recycle or salvage at least 50% or additional 25% (75% total by weight) of construction, demolition and land clearing debris. Source reduction on the job site should address recycling of card board , concrete brick, wood, plastic, glass, gypsum board etc.

3. Resource Reuse (1-2)

Extend life cycle of building material, reducing environmental impacts related to material manufacturing and transport. Specify salvaged or refreshed material for 10% of building material (wood flooring), paneling, frames, bricks) 4. Recycled Reuse (1-2) The objective is to increase demand for building product with recycled content like partition and ceiling material, tiles, reinforcing metal etc.

5. Local/Regional Material (1-2) Objective is to increase demand for locally manufactured building products. Reducing the environmental impact resulting from the transportation. Specify minimum 20% regionally manufactured building material and of these specify a minimum of 50% that are extracted, harvested or recovered with in 500 miles.

6. Rapidly renewable material (1)

Goal is to reduce the use and depletion of raw material by replacing them with rapidly renewable materials. For 5% of total building material, specify material that replenishes themselves faster than traditional extraction demand and do not result in bio diversity loss like Baggase, MDF Board, Eco board, false ceiling made of cellulose fibre and cotton, vertical blind of woven cotton. 7. Certified wood (1) New wood used are certified under Forest Stewardship Council USA

Water Efficiency (5)

1. Water Efficiency Landscaping (1) Goal is to limit or eliminate the use of potable water for landscape irrigation. Use captured rain or recycled site water to reduce potable water consumption. 2. Innovation Waste Water Technology (1) Reduce potable water demand. Reduce the use of Municipal Potable water for building sewage to 50% or treat 100% of waste water on site. 3. Water Use Reduction (1-2) Goal is to maximize water efficiency within building to reduce burden on municipal water supply and waste water system. Employ strategies that use 20% less water often meeting fixture performance requirement. 4. Rain water Harvesting ( 1)

ENERGY INTENSIVENESS OF MATERIAL

Sr. No.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Material
Sand Wood Concrete Sand Lime Concrete Light Weight Concrete Plaster Board Brick Work Cement Glass Plastic Steel Copper

Energy content KWH/KG

0.01 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.5 1.0 1.2 2.2 6.0 10 10 16