Under The Supervision of Mr.Vijay Kumar Singh and Mr.

Shivam Bhardwaj

PRESENTED BY RAHUL CHAUHAN M.Tech (ECE) 20110090

OVERVIEW OF PRESENTATION
Introduction

Need of AC-DC-AC Converter

Converter Topologies AC/DC Converter Topologies DC/AC Converter Topologies Applications Planned Work References

Power electronics
Application of solid-state electronics for the control and conversion of electric power. It also refers to a subject of research in electrical engineering which deals with design, control, Computation and integration of nonlinear, time varying energy processing electronic systems with fast dynamics.

Electronic converters can be found wherever there is a need to change voltage, current or frequency of electric power.

 First elctronic device- mercury arc valves. Present day semiconductor switching devices are used.

what is converter?
A Converter is an elctronic device which convert the electric current or voltage into one form to another. There are basically 4 types of converters ac/dc - rectifier dc/ac - inverter dc/dc - chopper ac/ac - cycloconverter

 The application of AC/DC/AC converters has increased in the industrial and power sector due to its

1. Low Total Harmonic Distortion

2. Better Power Factor 3. Cost Reduction

An AC/DC/AC converter usually consists of a PFC and a PWM inverter. The main application area of these converters involves industrial drives, power conditioners, grid interconnections etc.

Need of AC-DC-AC Converter

Direct power conversion has many problems like high

THD, poor power quality, higher switching loss etc. AC-DC Rectifier having Power Factor Correction Capability makes input AC line current less Distorted. Due to Multilevel output the distortion in the output is less. Cost Effective at higher power level High efficiency in both Variable Frequency Drives and UPS applications.

I. AC/DC CONVERTER TOPOLOGIES

Two types of AC/DC Topologies

1. Unidirectional power flow

2. Bidirectional power flow

Unidirectional power flow AC/DC topology

Boost Converter Topology

Bidirectional power flow topologies

Half bridge Boost converter

The output voltage will be at least twice the value of the peak of the input voltage for proper boost operation.

 Full bridge voltage source converter

These types of converters are developed to meet the requirements of applications of bidirectional power flow in addition to improved power quality at input ac mains in terms of high power factor and low THD with well-regulated output dc voltage.

II. DC/AC CONVERTER TOPOLOGIES

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Multilevel Inverter Topologies

Multilevel voltage source converters are emerging as a

new breed of power converter options for high-power applications. Three different major multilevel converter structures have been applied in industrial applications: a) Diode clamped multilevel Inverter b) Capacitor clamped multilevel Inverter c) Cascaded H-bridge multilevel Inverter

Advantages They are suitable for medium to high voltage and power applications because both voltage and power are distributed among more number of devices. They produce improved quality of output voltages and currents. Switching stress and EMI are low.

Their efficiency is high because of low effective switching frequency and hence low switching losses.
Thermal losses are distributed in bigger area therefore easy to manage. Disadvantages .The main disadvantage of this technique is that it requires large number of switching devices, capacitors or dc sources. The complex modulation strategy in multilevel inverter.

 Diode-Clamped Multilevel Inverter topologies

Three-level inverter Five-level inverter

Advantages: 1. All of the phases share a common dc bus, which minimizes the capacitance requirements of the converter. For this reason, a back-to-back topology is not only possible but also practical for uses such as a highvoltage back-to-back inter-connection or an adjustable speed drive. 2. The capacitors can be pre-charged as a group. 3. Efficiency is high for fundamental frequency switching. 4. When the number of levels is high enough, harmonic content will be low enough to avoid the need for filters.

Disadvantages: 1. Real power flow is difficult for a single inverter because the intermediate dc levels will tend to overcharge or discharge without precise monitoring and control. 2. The number of clamping diodes required is too high, so the complexity in ckt is too high.

 Flying Capacitor Multilevel Inverter

Three-level inverter Five-level inverter

Advantages :Compared to the diode-clamped inverter, this topology has several unique and attractive features as described below. 1. Large amount of storage capacitors provides extra ride through capabilities during power outage. 2. Provides switch combination redundancy for balancing different voltage levels. 3. When the number of levels is high enough, harmonic content will be low enough to avoid the need for filters. 4. Both real and reactive power flow can be controlled, making a possible voltage source converter candidate for high voltage dc transmission.

Disadvantages:1. An excessive number of storage capacitors is required when the number of converter levels is high. High-level systems are more difficult to package and more expensive with the required bulky capacitors. 2. The inverter control will be very complicated, and the switching frequency and switching losses will be high for real power transmission

 Cascaded H-bridge multilevel Inverter

N Cell Cascaded H bridge multilevel Inverter

Five Level H-bridge Inverter

Advantages:1. Requires the least number of components among all multilevel converters to achieve the same number of voltage levels. 2. Modularized circuit layout and packaging is possible because each level has the same structure, and there are no extra clamping diodes or voltage balancing capacitors. 3. Soft-switching can be used in this structure to avoid bulky and lossy resistor-capacitor-diode snubbers.

Disadvantage:Needs separate dc sources for real power conversions, and thus its applications are somewhat limited.

Planned work
In this topic, previous simulations has been

performed in PSCADD, now we try to this in MATLAB. First of all we do the simulation of dc/ac full bridge converter( 3 level o/p), after that I will take two module of full bridge inverter connected in cascadded fashion and I will simulate it. And finally in thesis , I will try to improve power factor and reduce the THD.

REFERENCES
J. Rodriguez, J.-S. Lai, and F.Z. Peng, Multilevel inverters: A survey of

topologies, controls, and applications, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 724738, Aug. 2002 J. S Lai and F. Z. Peng, Multilevel converters-A new breed of power converters, IEEE Trans. Industry Applications, vol.32, no.3, pp. 509- 517, May/June. 1996. R. Srinivasan and R. Oruganti, A unity power factor converter using halfbridge boost topology, IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, vol.13, no. .3, pp.487-500, 1998 B Singh, B N Singh, A Chandra, K Al-Haddad, A Pandey and D P Kothari, A Review of Single-Phase Improved Power Quality AC DC Converters, IEEE Trans. on Ind. Electron., vol. 50, no. 5, pp. 962981, Oct. 2003.
R.Balamurugan Senior Member, IEEE and Dr.G.Gurusamy Senior Member,

IEEE, Harmonic Optimization by Single Phase Improved Power Quality AC-DC Power Factor Corrected Converters, International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 8887), Volume 1 No. 5, 2010.