FreeBSD

huanghs

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Outline
FreeBSD version
9.0-RELEASE 9.1-RC1

Installing FreeBSD
From CD-ROM From USB

FreeBSD Version

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FreeBSD Branches/Tags
Three parallel development branches:
-RELEASE
Latest Release Version:
9.0 (January, 2012) http://www.freebsd.org/releases/

Upcoming 9.1 (September, 2012)

http://wiki.freebsd.org/Releng/9.1TODO

-STABLE
Tested new features and bug fixes MFC: Merge From Current

-CURRENT
Working space for FreeBSD developers Current version:
10-CURRENT http://www.freebsd.org/releng/

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FreeBSD Version
FreeBSDA.B.CType
A: major version Number B: minor version Number C: slight patch version number Type: version type
PRERELEASE BETA RC RELEASE STABLE CURRENT

Choosing the FreeBSD Version That Is Right For You:

http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en/articles/version-guide/

FreeBSD Installation

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FreeBSD view of Disk (1)

MBR Slice 1 (ad0s1) Slice 2 (ad0s2) Slice 3 (ad0s3) Slice 4 (ad0s4) Windows XP (NTFS) Linux (EXT3FS) bsdlabel ad0s3a ad0s3b ad0s3c Extended Partiton
D-Disk NTFS Linux Swap / (root)

swap

ad0s3d ad0s3e /home

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FreeBSD View of Disk (2)

What is the meaning of ad0s1a
Disk name
ad: da: IDE, SATA SCSI, usb stick MBR
Slice 1 (/dev/ad0s1) Slice 2 (/dev/ad0s2) Slice 3 (/dev/ad0s3) Slice 4 (/dev/ad0s4)

Replace { ad | da } by ada, and link to adas

Slice is equal to the partition of common use

Primary partition: s1 ~ s4 Extended partition: s5 ~ sn

Label in each slice

a: root partition / b: swap c: entire slice defgh: /usr, /home,
Slice 5 (/dev/ad0s5) Slice 6 (/dev/ad0s6)

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Knowing Your Hardware

CPU
32bit or 64bit Intel AMD Architecture: amd64, i386 (, ia64, pc98, powerpc, sparc64) Size Size, amount, SCSI or IDE Brand, ram size Brand Brand IP Netmask Default gateway Hostname DNS
pciconf -lv

RAM HD

VGA Sound Network Interface Card Other Special device

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Pre-Installation Tasks
One PC or Notebook (dont use Virtual PC!!!) Another Hard Disk or Shrink a Partition on Your Hard Drive (20 G) One IP (no private!!) Network Information
IP address Subnet mask Default router IP address domain name of the local network DNS server IP address(es)

Prepare the Installation Media

ftp://tw.freebsd.org/pub/releases/

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bsdinstall (FreeBSD 9) (1)

http://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/bsdinstall.html

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bsdinstall (FreeBSD 9) (2)

Install Shell Live CD

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bsdinstall (FreeBSD 9) (3)

Setting hostname
Ex. xxxsa.cs.nctu.edu.tw

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bsdinstall (FreeBSD 9) (4)

Selecting components to install

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bsdinstall (FreeBSD 9) (5)

Partitioning methods
Shell gpart(8) fdisk(8) bsdlabel(8)

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bsdinstall (FreeBSD 9) (6)

Guided Partitioning
Select disk Replace { ad | da } by ada { ad | da }s are linked to adas How to partition the disk
Entire Disk Partition use free space

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bsdinstall (FreeBSD 9) (7)

Guided Partitioning result

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bsdinstall (FreeBSD 9) (8)

Manual Partitioning

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bsdinstall (FreeBSD 9) (9)

Choose a partitioning scheme
Master Boot Record (MBR)
4 Primary Partition, 1 Extended Partition, multiple Logical Partition

GUID Partition Table (GPT)

128 Partitions per disk

DONT use BSD!!!

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bsdinstall (FreeBSD 9) (10)

Add partitions
freebsd-boot
FreeBSD boot code. This partition must be first on the disk.

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bsdinstall (FreeBSD 9) (11)

Final confirmation

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bsdinstall (FreeBSD 9) (12)

Fetching Checksum Verification Extraction

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bsdinstall (FreeBSD 9) (13)

Post-installation
root password Network interfaces
Wired Static IPv4 / DHCP / Static IPv6 / SLAAC Wireless DNS

Time Zone Services Add users

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Post-installation
Setting the root Password

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Post-installation
Network interfaces

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Post-installation
Configuring IPv4 Networking

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Post-installation
Configuring IPv6 Networking
IPv6 Stateless Address Auto configuration (SLAAC)

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Post-installation
Configuring DNS

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Post-installation
Setting the Time Zone

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Post-installation
Selecting Services to Enable

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Post-installation
Enabling Crash Dumps (no)

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Post-installation
Add Users
Username - huanghs Full name - Cage Huang Uid - User ID. Typically left blank. Login group - The user's group. Typically left. Invite user into other groups? - wheel Login class - Typically left blank for the default. Shell - The interactive shell for this user. CSCC use tcsh. Home directory - The user's home directory. Home directory permissions - The default is usually correct. Use password-based authentication? - Typically "yes". Use an empty password? - Typically "no". Use a random password? - Typically "no". Enter password - The actual password for this user. Enter password again - The password must be typed again for verification. Lock out the account after creation? - Typically "no".

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Post-installation
Final Configuration

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FreeBSD Handbook
Chapter 3 FreeBSD 9.X and Later
http://www.tw.freebsd.org/doc/en/books/handbook/bsdinstall.html

Chinese resources
http://www.tw.freebsd.org/doc/zh_TW/books/handbook/install.html Chapter 2 Installing FreeBSD 8.X and Earlier

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Login
SSH (Secure Shell)
PuTTY: http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/download.html Chinese Environment: http://www.cs.nctu.edu.tw/help/putty.html

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Play with Your FreeBSD

Useful commands
passwd, chsh, chfn, chpass ls ps, top mkdir/rmdir cp/mv/rm write man login/exit/logout/screen Editor: ee, vim, joe, etc. Connecting: ssh/telnet Email reader: mutt, etc. News reader: tin File Transmittion: ftp, ncftp, lftp, scp, wget, curl, etc. Compilers: gcc, g++, javac, etc. Scripting: perl, php, ruby, python etc.

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Help Yourself man (1)

man pages (manual)
Contain descriptions of
Individual command.
% man cp

File format.
% man rc.local

Library routines.
% man strcpy

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Help Yourself man (2)

Command
% man [section] title
% man printf % man 3 printf % man k exit (printf command) (C Standard printf func.) (keyword search)

%man man

Man pages organization

AT&T 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1m 9 BSD 1 2 3 5 7 6 4 8 9 Contents User-Level commands and applications System calls and kernel error code Library calls Standard file format Miscellaneous files and documents Games and demonstrations Device Drivers and network protocols System administration commands Obscure kernel specs and interfaces

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Conventions
Syntax of commands:
Anything between [ & ] are optional. Anything followed by can be repeated. {a | b} you should choose one of them. Example:
bork [-x] { on | off } filename

bork on /etc/hosts bork x off /etc/hosts /etc/passwd bork x /etc/hosts bork -h /etc/hosts

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HOWTO - Shutdown
FreeBSD Shutdown
shutdown -p now reboot