WIMAX & CDMA2000

III. WIMAX STANDARDS OVERVIEW

Agenda

Structure of 802 standards 802.16 standards overview

802.16 -2001 802.16c 802.16b 802.16a 802.16 d

802.16 d 802.16e 802.16f 802.16 h, i, j WIBRO 802.20 WIMAX Systems Profile

III.1 IEEE 802 standards (IP) NETWORK LAYER overview

802.2 LOGICAL LINK CONTROL

802 802.1 Overview Network and Manage Architecture ment

802.3 802.5 MAC MAC

802.11 MAC

802.16 MAC

802.15.1 MAC

802.3 802.5 PHY PHY

802.11802.11802.11 802.16802.16 802.16 802.15.1 b g a d e PHY PHY PHY PHY PHY PHY PHY

OVERVIEW OF 802 STANDARDS

III.2 IEEE 802.16 standards overview 802.16-2001 Approved Dec 2001, published 2002. WMAN for fixed wireless applications, only an air interface, with single carrier modulation. 10-66GHz band, PMP infrastructure 268 Mbps No compliance with ETSI HyperMAN Has undergone many revisions

III.2 IEEE 802.16 standards overview 802.16c

Ensure interoperability with LMDS in the 10-66GHz. More bandwidth. Coverage limited < 5km from the base station. Mandatory elements include system profiling, provisioned connections, provide IPV4 support on transport connection, support fragmentation. Optional elements include security protocols. Network technology independent, ATM or TCP/IP Revised

III.2 IEEE 802.16 standards overview 802.16b, WirelessHUMAN

Wireless High Speed Unlicensed MAN QoS features to ensure differentiated services for different traffic types. Extended 802.16-2001 to operate in the license exempt 5-6 GHz band. Discontinued

III.2 IEEE 802.16 standards overview 802.16a,

Published in April 2003 Standardize Multichannel multipoint distribution service in the lower frequency 2-11 GHz range. NLOS communication with cell radius of to 50km 75Mbps Mesh mode operation facilitating subscribersubscriber Fixes to be corrected by 802.16d

III.2 IEEE 802.16 standards overview 802.16d formally called 802.16-2004,

Revised all the amendments of 802.16-2001. working groups formed to address the following: 802.16e mobility 802.16f Management Information Base 802.16g Management plane procedures and services 802.16h Improved coexistence mechanisms for license exempt operation 802.16i mobile MIB 802.16j mobile multihop relay 802.16k bridging

III.3 802.16-2004
The 802.16-2004 standard is defined over the 2-66 GHz range, providing LOS in the upper frequency ranges and NLOS in the lower frequency ranges. The 802.16-2004 protocol stack is defined over the lower two layers of the OSI reference model, the MAC sublayer, the Physical layer.

III.3.1 802.16-2004 protocol stack

LINK LAYER CONTROL

MAC

CONVERGENCE SUBLAYER
COMMON PART SUBLAYER LINK LAYER CONTROL PRIVACY SUBLAYER TRANSMISSION CONVERGENCE SUBLAYER

PH Y

QPSK

16QAM

64QAM

256QAM

The 802.16 Physical Layer

The 802.16 transmission environment

III.3.2 802.16-2004 PHY

Defined for LOS operations in the 10-66 GHz range and NLOS operations in the 2-11 GHz range. In LOS operations WirelessMAN-SC is defined and supports both FDD and TDD modes. In the 2-11GHz range, to support NLOS operations, 3 new PHY specifications are defined: single carrier PHY, a 256 FFT OFDM PHY, 2048 FFT OFDMA. The single carrier PHY, WirelessMAN-SCa is similar to WirelessMAN-SC but adapted for NLOS operations. The other 2 a based on OFDM. OFDM uses 256 RF subcarriers to transmit different signals simultaneously. Neighboring sub carriers overlap, but are orthogonal to each other to prevent ICI. OFDM is more resilient to multipath effects than WirelessMAN-SCx and has higher bandwidth efficiency.

III.3.2 802.16-2004 PHY

Other features of the PHY include: Adaptive antenna systems, using multiple antennas at both the Tx and Rx ends (MIMO systems), to increase channel capacity by steering beams to multiple users to achieve in cell frequency reuse. MIMO increases SIR. Adaptive modulation techniques, wide range of tradeoffs and robustness. 16QAM, 64QAM and 256QAM. Space time coding (optional) used in downlink communications to provide for space-transmit diversity. Space time coding assumes the BS has 2 antennas and the SS has one.

III.3.3 802.16-2004 MAC

The MAC supports the different PHY specifications by using TDMA. TDMA supports different levels of QoS and bounded delay communication through predetermined SLA. This can be achieved by allocating bandwidth on a request/grant mechanism. The standard supports TDD and FDD, half and full duplex. 802.16-2004 is designed to carry any future higher layer protocol such as IP version 4, IP version 6, VOIP, Ethernet, and VLAN services. The 802.16 MAC is further divided into sublayers that handle different services.

III.3.3 802.16-2004 MAC

The convergence sublayer is designed to map services to and from 802.16 MAC. It is further divided into the ATM convergence sublayer, and packet convergence sublayer. Packet convergence sublayer provides support for IP, Ethernet, and VLAN. The main task of the convergence sublayer is to map higher PDUs into proper service DU. It is also responsible for bandwidth allocation and QoS, as well as header suppression and reconstruction to enhance airlink efficiency.

III.3.3 802.16-2004 MAC

Common Part Sublayer. 802.16 is designed to support PMP network architecture while mesh operations are left optional. 802.16 MAC is connection oriented.
The PMP TDD is used to divide transmission time into up and downlink periods. On the downlink, data to SS are multiplexed in TDM fashion and broadcast to all capable of listening to the downlink frame. TDMA on demand bases is implemented on the uplink. Connections are identified by 16 bit connection identifiers.

Privacy sublayer provides secure key exchange and encryption. Privacy sublayer has 2 main protocols. An encapsulation for encrypting data across the 802.16 network. A privacy key management (PKM) protocol to facilitate secure distribution of the keying data from the BS to the SS PKM is used in security association.802.16 defines 3 types of security associationprimary, static, and dynamic. Primary security association is established during the SS initialization. Static service association is provisioned within the BS while dynamic security association is initiated and terminated on demand in a response of initiation and termination of service flows.

III.3.3 802.16-2004 MAC

III.4 IEEE 802.16e

The scope of IEEE 802.16e is to provide mobility support enhancement support for SS moving at vehicular speed. IEEE 802.16e introduces many changes to PHY and MAC layer protocols owing to mobility support, which required addressing new issues that were not required in 802.16-2004, such as handoff and power management. It is an amendment to IEEE 802.16-2004.

III.4.1 802.16e PHY

Changes included in 802.16e PHY include Limitation of 802.16e operations to licensed bands suited for mobility below 6 GHz. 802.16e defines a new air interface, scalableOFDMA. The AAS, space time code, and closed loop MIMO are enhanced to improve coverage and data transmission rate. 802.16e includes an additional advanced low complexity coding option method, low-density parity check (LDPC) to provide for more flexible encoding. LDPC codes 6 bits for every 5 data bits with a rate of 5/6.

III.4.2 802.16e MAC

To provide mobility support 802.16e MAC provides support for mobility. It adds support for handoff and power management. For QoS support 802.16e defines 3 new scheduling mechanisms, the extended realtime polling service (ErtPS),unsolicited grant service(UGS), and real time polling service.

III.4.2 802.16e MAC

Handover support is achieved through fast base station switching and hard handoff mechanisms for intercell and intersector handover. 802.16e also supports macrodiversity handover and intertechnology roaming. Power management is through idle and sleep modes

III.5 IEEE 802.16f

802.16f defines a management information base (MIB) for the MAC and PHY. It provides a management reference model for 802.16-2004 networks. The model consists of a network management system(NMS), managed nodes and service flow database. 802.16f is based on SNMP version 2 with optional support for SNMP version 3. SNMPv2 is backward compatible with SNMPv1.

III.6 IEEE 802.16i

802.16i is to amend or supersede 802.16f. Its scope is to provide mobility enhancement to 802.16 MIB to the MAC layer, PHY layer and associated management procedures. It uses protocol-neutral methodologies for network management to specify resource models and related solution sets for the management of devices in a multivendor 802.16 mobile network (IEEE NetMan,2006b).

III.7 802.16g
The scope of 802.16g is to produce procedures and service amendments to 802.16-2004 and 802.16e-2005; provide network management schemes to enable interoperable and efficient management of network resources, mobility, spectrum; and standardize management plane behavior in 802.16 fixed and mobile devices. 802.16g defines a generic packet convergence sublayer as upper layer protocol-independent as packet convergence sublayer that supports multiple protocols over 802.16

III.8 IEEE 802.16k 802.16k is to define necessary procedures and MAC layer enhancements to allow 802.16-2004 to support bridge functionality defined on 802.1D. 802.16k provides explicit support for 802.1p end-to-end priority data through explicit one-to-one mapping of user priority.

III.9 IEEE 802.16h

The main purpose of 802.16g is to develop improved MAC mechanisms to enable coexistence among licensed-exempt 802.16-2004 devices and facilitate coexistence with other systems using the same band. 802.16h designs a coexistence protocol, which is defined at the IP level andis mainly intended for BS-BS communication

III.9 IEEE 802.16h

Some MAC enhancement mechanisms include

Capability negotiation is a mechanism provided at the MAC layer for the BS to learn about its associated SS capabilities and functionalities for supporting coexistence licensed-exempt band. Extended channel numbering structure,used to define channel bandwidth for better interference management. Measurement and reporting: a process for defining mechanisms and messages at the MAC layer to measure and report interference level and bandwidth band usage.

III.10 IEEE802.16j
IEEE 802.16j is intended to improve legacy 802.16networkscoverage,throughput,and system capacity. 802.16j extends the network infrastructure of legacy 802.16 to include three relay types: fixed relays, nomadic relays, and mobile relays. 802.16j is required to enable the operation of the relay nodes over the licensed band.

III.11 WiBro

A typically Korean homegrown wireless technology. Compartible with the 802.16e profiles, TDD based. Operates with 9MHz channels in the 2.3GHz band with OFDMA as access technology Supports vehicular speeds of upto 120 km/h. Peak user data rates are 3Mbps in the DL (1Mbps in the UL) and 18Mbps of peak sector throughput in the DL (6Mbps in the DL). Average user data rates > 512 kbps, cell radius ~1km.Largely deployed in densely populated areas.

III.12 IEEE 802.20

It defines mobility from the ground up at high speeds. It is supposed to provide data rates from 1Mbps 4Mbps, operating at frequencies below the 3.5 GHz band with a 15km range. Defines a new PHY and MAC It is not part of the WIMAX standard but it is expected to provide broadband data services similar to WIMAX.

III.13 WIMAX Systems Profile

A WiMAX system certification profile is a set of features of the 802.16 standard, selected by the WiMAX Forum, that is required or mandatory for these specific profiles. The 802.16 indicates that a system (certification) profile should contain the following 5 components MAC profile PHY profile RF profile Duplexing selection Power class Two system profiles have been defined Fixed Wimax system profile Mobile Wimax sytem profile

III.13.1 Fixed Wimax systems profile

Fixed Wimax certification profiles are specified for OFDM PHY with 256 subcarriers and PMP modes of operation. Plans are underway to specify profiles with 5MHz channels in the 2.5 GHz band, and also as the regulatory and market environment changes with the allocation of new frequency bands to the service Fixed certification profiles based on 802.16e are also planned

Frequency band

Duplexing mode

Channel bandwidth 7 MHz 3.5 MHz 3.5 MHz 7 MHz

Profile name 3.5T1 3.5 T2 3.5 F1 3.5 F2

3.4 - 3.6 GHz TDD 3.4 - 3.6 GHz TDD* 3.4 - 3.6 GHz FDD 3.4 - 3.6GHz FDD

5.725-5.85GHz TDD 10 MHz 5.8T * Product are already certified for this profile

III.13.2 Mobile Wimax system Profile

Mobile Wimax profiles are specified for 802.16e, to function with scalable OFDMA PHY and PMP mode. It is expected that some cohabitation will exist between the fixed profiles and the mobile profiles so as to cater for fixed subscribers in mobile BTS deployments.

III.13.2 Mobile Wimax system Profile

Profile name Frequency band (GHz) Channel BW MHz Duplexing Wave Status

MP01
MP02 MP03 MP04

2.3 2.4 GHz

2.3 2.4 GHz 2.305 -2.320 2.345 2.360 2.305 -2.320 2.345 2.360

8.75 MHz
5 & 10 5 MHz 10 MHz

TDD
TDD TDD TDD

Wave 1 only
Wave 2 Wave 2 Wave 2

active

Active

MP05
MP06 MP07 MP08 MP09 MP10 MP11

2.496 2.69
3.3 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.4 -3.8 3.4 3.6 3.4 3.6 3.4 3.8

5 & 10
5 7 5 5 7 1o

TDD
TDD TDD TDD TDD TDD TDD

Wave 2
Wave 2 Wave 2 Wave 2 Wave 2 Wave 2 Wave 2

MP12

3.4 -3.6

10

TDD

Wave 2

III.11 Conclusion

The main standard for fixed WIMAX is 802.16-2004. 802.16e supports mobile functionality at vehicular speeds.

SUMMARY
Overview of 802.16 standards
802.16f Management Information Base 802.16g: Mob.Mgmt procedures and services
802.16e
802.16-2001 TDM FDD/TDM ATM + Packet PCS

M A C

Mobility enhancement: Handoff/ Active set/ Anchor Target

802.16b

Scalable OFDMA 2048/ 1024 / 512 And 128

802.16a Wireless Sca HUMAN OFDM 256 OFDM 256 OFDM 2048

System Profiles For 802.16 Cross 802.16Manuf. 2004 conformance

PHY

PHY

SUMMARY
802.16
Completed Spectrum Channel conditions Dec 2001 10 66 GHz LOS

802.16a, Rev d
802.16a:Jan30 802.16d:Q340 2 - 11 GHz NLOS

802.16 e
2005 2 6 GHz NLOS

Bit rate
Modulation Mobility Channel BW Typical cell radius

32 -134Mbps at 28MHZ channelization

QPSK, 16QAM & 64QAM, Fixed 20, 25 and 28 MHz 1.5- 5 km

Up to 75 Mbps at 20 MHz channelization

OFDM, OFDMA QPSK, 16QAM & 64QAM, Fixed Selectable bandwidths 1.25 20MHz 3-5 km, can go upto 50km depending on tower height, antenna gain and transmit power.

Up to 15Mbps at 5 MHz Channels

Scalable OFDMA Pedestrian mobility Regional Roaming Same as 802.16d 1.5 5km