BENI SUREZ PRADO (2012/2013)

IT IS USED TO TELL WHAT OTHER PERSON HAS SAID WE GIVE THE EXACT MEANING BUT WE DONT USUALLY USE THE EXACT WORDS.

THE MOST COMMON VERBS TO INTRODUCE THE REPORTED SENTENCE ARE: SAY/TELL/ASK
SOME CHANGES ARE USUALLY NECESSARY. THERE ARE NO CHANGES WHEN THE REPORTING VERB IS IN PRESENT TENSE.

He said, I have lost my umbrella

Reporting verb + Inverted commas Exact words

Direct speech

, He said (that) he had lost his umbrella

Reporting verb + (that)
Changes: same meaning without exact words

Reported speech

PRONOUNS AND ADJECTIVE S

EXPRESSION S OF TIME AND PLACE

VERBS

DIRECT I / MY / ME

INDIRECT/REPORTED HE, SHE / HIS, HER / HIM, HER I / MY Dont change or THEY / THEIR / THEM Dont change

YOU / YOUR WE / OUR / US

HE, SHE, IT / HIS, HER, ITS / HIM, HER, ITS

He THIS, THAT to apply for this job said, I want THE He said that he wanted to apply for the job She told me, You have to do some exercise She told me I had to do some exercise He said to me, he came through the window He said that he ( the thief) had come through the window

DIRECT TODAY, TONIGHT YESTERDAY TOMORROW

INDIRECT/REPORTED THAT DAY / THAT NIGHT THE DAY BEFORE/ THE PREVIOUS DAY THE NEXT DAY/ THE FOLLOWING DAY THEN THE WEEK BEFORE/ THE PREVIOUS WEEK THE FOLLOWING WEEK A YEAR BEFORE/ THE PREVIOUS YEAR THERE

NOW LAST WEEK, YEAR.. NEXT WEEK, YEAR A YEAR AGO

HERE

TENSE
Simple present Pres. Cont Pres. Perf. Pres. Perf. Cont Simple Past Future Fut. Cont. Can May Must/ Have to

DIRECT
He said, I never eat meat She said, Im waiting for Ann He explained, I have found a flat He said, Ive been waiting for ages She said, I took it home with me He said, We will be in Paris on Monday. She said, I will be using the car myself on the 24th He said, You can do it yourself He said, She may be at home tonight She said, You must go to the doctor Simple past Past. Cont. Past. Perf. Past. Perf.Con t Past. Perf. Conditio nal Cond. Cont. Could Might Had to

INDIRECT/REPORTED
He said that he never ate meat She said she was waiting for Ann He explained that he had found a flat. He said that he had been waiting for ages. She said she had taken it home with her He said they would be in Paris on Monday. She said that she would be using the car herself on the 24th He said I could do it myself He said she might be at home that day. She said that I had to go to the doctor.

We can report:

STATEMEN TS

QUESTION S

SPEAKERS INTENTION S

 We usually use the verbs SAY and TELL, but other possible verbs are EXPLAIN, POINT OUT, COMPLAIN THAT can be omitted after SAY or TELL, but it should be kept with other verbs. Construction: SAY + ( TO + indirect complement ) + ( THAT )

She said to me that she was looking for a job She said she was looking for a job TELL + indirect complement + ( THAT ) She told me that she was looking for a job She told me she was looking for a job

S T A T E M E N T S

He said, She is coming this week to stay with us He said that she was coming that week to stay with them. She said, I bought these pearls for my mother a year ago
She told me that she had bought the pearls for her mother the previous year/ the year before.

John said, I couldnt get on time because I lost the bus

John explained that he couldnt get on time because he had lost the bus Hadnt been able to get

Christine said, we will pay you back next month Christine told me they would pay me back the following week

S T A T E M E N T S

 The main introductory verbs are ASK, WONDER, WANT TO KNOW, INQUIRE
Apart from the general changes there are other important changes: - The interrogative form changes to affirmative form - The question mark is omitted

YES / QUESTIONS
Are you tired? she asked She asked me IF I was tired

WH- QUESTIONS
Where does she live? he inquired He inquired WHERE she lived.

Q U E S T I O N S

He said, Where is she going ?

He asked where

she

was going

Do you want to go to the cinema with me today? he asked. He asked me IF I wanted to go to the cinema with him that day

He asked, have you seen my cousin at school today? He wanted to know IF I had seen his cousin at school that day Mark asked, Why are you wearing my new shoes, Peter?

Q U E S T I O N S

Mark asked Peter WHY he was wearing his new shoes.

 We will study them in groups depending on their behaviour when we apply the necessary changes. They dont follow the changes in the verb form. Some of them will be followed by INFINITIVE, while others will be followed by GERUND.

INFINITIVE

GERUND

S P E A K E R S I N T E N T I O N S

(I) TELL +someone + TO INF / NOT TO INF ORDERS COMANDS Dont make too much noise, children he said. He told the children not to make too much noise ASK+ someone+ TO INF / NOT TO INF PETITIONS

You might post some letters for me said my boss. My boss asked me to post some letters for him WARN+ someone+ TO INF / NOT TO INF

WARNINGS

Dont go alone Her father warned her Her father warned her not to go alone ADVISE + someone +TO INF / NOT TO INF You must see this exhibition said all my friends. All my friends advised me to see that exhibition REMIND + SOMEONE + TO INF / NOT TO INF Dont forget to buy the wine said Mrs Pitt. Mrs Pitt reminded her husband to buy the wine

ADVICES

REMINDS

( II) OFFER + TO INF / NOT TO INF OFFERS I can look after the child while you are working he said. He offered to look after the child while she was working PROMISE + TO INF / NOT TO INF PROMISES I will give you a raise my boss promised. My boss promised to give me a raise REFUSE + TO INF / NOT TO INF REFUSALS I wont lend you any more money his sister said. His sister refused to lend him any more money. THREATEN + TO INF / NOT TO INF
I will call the police if you dont stop making noise said my neighbour My neighbour threatened to call the police if we didnt stop making noise.

THREATENS

APOLOGISE FOR + GERUND APOLOGIES Im sorry Im late he said. He apologised for being late THANK FOR + GERUND THANKS

You have worked till late, thank you said my boss. My boss thanked for having work till late SUGGEST + ING

Lets go for a walk, its a wonderful afternoon she SUGGESTIONS said She suggested going for a walk because it was a wonderful afternoon. DENY + ING DENIAL I didnt steal the money said the employee. The employee denied stealing the money ADMITT + GERUND ADMISSIONS All right, I took the money the secretary said. The secretary admitted taking the money

SOME PRACTICE:
STATEMENTS QUESTIONS ( I ) QUESTIONS ( II ) REQUEST AND ORDERS