Extra and Intraembryonic Development of Blood and Vascular System.

Aorctic arches derivatives. Venous system contributing to vena cava. Main malformations

05/10/2012

Arantzazu Izagirre Amaia Fernandez Iaki Santamarina Clara Martinez

Hematopoiesis

Hematopoiesis

Extraembryonic Vasculature
It first begins in the extraembryonic splanchnic mesoderm of the yolk sac

Intraembryonic Hematopoiesis
First, yolk sac is the one to carry blood cells to embryonic circulation (primitive erythrocytes) 60th day: yolk sac is not responsible anymore for that task intraembryonic organs (liver, spleen, thymus and bone marrow) take the responsability
HSCs (from extraembryonic mesoderm) colonize the liver first. It happens in two waves. Then, they colonize the remaining appointed organs.

Liver is the main hematopoietic organ until birth

Intraembryonic Vasculogenesis

Development of Aortic Arches

Pharyngeal arches
1, 2, 3, 4, 6
To either side of pharynx Structures: Lower face & neck Derivatives of pharyngeal foregut

Craniocaudal Sequence
Days 22-24 First pair of aortic arches formed Ventrally aortic sac Dorsally left and right dorsal aortae Days 26-29 Aortic arches 2, 3, 4, 6 Develop by vasculogenesis and angiogenesis Within respective pharyngeal arches Incorporate EPCs that migrate from surrounding mesoderm First arches regress as later form

Aortic Arch Derivatives

Aortic Arch Derivatives

1 derivative maxillary artery 2 derivative stapedial artery and hyoid artery 3 derivative common carotid and proximal part of internal carotid artery 4 left derivative left carotid artery and ductus arteriosus right derivative right subclavian 5 derivative none 6 left derivative left pulmonary artery and ductus arteriosus right derivative right pulmonary artery

Dorsal Aorta Branch Derivatives

Ventral Branches
Blood vessels arised in yolk sac wall differentiate to form arteries and veins of vitelline system Yolk sac shrinks Ventral branches: Vitelline Umbilical proximal Umbilical distal

Vitelline Arteries

Vitelline Arteries Arterial branches to thoracic esophagus 5 pairs of arteries Branches to abdominal gut 3 pairs of arteries
1) Celiac artery 2) Superior mesenteric artery 3) Inferior mesenteric artery

Umbilical Proximal Arteries Superior vesical arteries Internal illiac arteries Umbilical Distal Arteries Medial umbilical ligaments

Lateral Branches
Renal arteries Suprarenal arteries Gonadal arteries

Dorsal Branches
All other branches of aorta

Development of Venous System

Development of the Veins

Not very uniform Three basic systems: cardinal, umbilical and omphalomesenteric.

Cardinal System

Umbilical System
1 First aortic arch 2 Outflow tract (distal section) 3 Superior cardinal vein 4 Inferior cardinal vein 5 Upper intestinal sinus 6 Ventricle (middle section) 7 Sinus venosus 8 Liver anlage 9 Umbilical vein 10 Omphalomesenteric vein

Omphalomesenteric System

1 Sinus venosus 8 Right umbilical vein (prehepatic) 2 Superior cardinal vein 9 Left umbilical vein 3 Inferior cardinal vein 10 Right omphalomesenteric vein 4 Left common cardinal vein 11 Umbilical vein (unpaired) 5 Right umbilical vein 12 Inferior vena cava 6 Liver 13 Ductus venosus 7 Anastomose between the left and right omphalomesenteric vein

14 Portal vein 15 Splenic vein

Venous System Contributing to Vena Cava

Anterior cardinal vein a portion of SVC The small segment of right anterior cardinal vein SVC Right vitelline vein terminal segment of the IVC Right subcardinal vein segment of the IVC between the liver and the kidneys Right supracardinal vein segment of the IVC inferior to the kidneys Right and left posterior cardinal veins plus the median anastomosis connecting them sacral segment of the IVC

Development of Lymphatic System

 Arise by vasculogenesis and angiogenesis Not until 5th week Jugular lymph sacs develop and collect fluid 6th week Four additional lymph sacs develop

Malformations

Angiomas
Hemangiomas Capillary hemangioma Cavernous hemangioma

Vascular anomalities arising from errors in remodeling of great vessels

Vascular rings Double aortic arch

Right aortic arch

Interrupted aortic arch

Coarctation of the aorta Preductal coarctation Postductal coarctation

Vena cava anomalies

Double inferior vena cava Double superior vena cava

Lymphedema

Patent ductus arteriosus